Chemical composition and source-apportionment of sub-micron particles during wintertime over Northern India: New insights on influence of fog-processing

Rajput, Prashant; Singh, Dharmendra Kumar; Singh, Amit Kumar; Gupta, Tarun

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.036

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Furthermore, their study based on higher O/C ratio has also reported a similar observation that organic aerosols are relatively more oxidized during the post-foggy events than non-post-foggy events (Chakraborty et al 2015). Moreover, a recent study (Rajput et al 2018) provides a direct evidence that fog processing of organic aerosols enhances the WSOC/OC ratio significantly. Another study has reported earlier that more oxidized and hygroscopic organic aerosols are expected to be preferentially scavenged by fog as compared to primary biomass burning derived organic aerosols (Gilardoni et al 2014).…”

Section: Influence Of Fog On Organic Aerosol Compositionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Summing up, with the quantum of measured parameters the total source contribution that could be resolved was 81.4% of which ~ 64% was attributed to mixed contribution from biomass burning and secondary transformations, 25% of the resolved source fraction to fossil fuel combustion and 11% of the resolved source fraction to the mineral dust. From a downwind location at Kanpur in IGP, a recent study during wintertime (Rajput et al 2018) based on the positive matrix factorization has reported the net contribution of 66% from biomass burning and secondary transformations, which is slightly higher (by 2%) as compared to that observed herein from an upwind IGP location (referring to upwind of major industrial polluting sources in IGP). …”

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…1) (Rajput et al 2013(Rajput et al , 2018Singh and Gupta 2016). To understand the atmospheric processes and mitigation of air pollution, several studies keep focusing on aerosol composition and characteristics during the wintertime in IGP.…”

Section: Polar and Non-polar Organic Aerosols: Om/oc Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) experiences many prolonged haze and fog episodes during wintertime (December-February) (Kumar et al 2017;Rajput et al 2018). During wintertime, the shallower boundary layer height, stagnant air mass and predominant emissions from anthropogenic combustion sources (stationary: biomass burning, coal combustion and industrial emission, mobile: vehicular emissions) are important factors causing severe pollution episodes over the IGP (Chakraborty et al 2017;Rajput et al 2016a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Rajput

2018

Aerosol Sci Eng

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Ambient PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) samples have been collected in two winter campaigns: I during 2nd December 2008-27th February 2009 and II during 3rd December 2010-11th February 2011 (n = 15). The PM 2.5 mass varied significantly from 35 to 220 and 80 to 244 μg m −3 during I and II campaigns, respectively. Based on similar inter-annual variability (statistical two-tailed t test) of PM 2.5 , K + /PM 2.5 (0.010), EC/PM 2.5 (0.04) and OC/ EC (~ 6) ratio, it has been inferred that the strength of combustion sources, viz. biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion remained more or the less constant during I and II campaigns (OC: organic carbon; EC: elemental carbon). However, significant difference in OC/PM 2.5 and WSOC/OC ratios between I and II campaigns indicated a significant change in organic aerosol composition attributable to fog processing vis-à-vis fog scavenging (WSOC: water-soluble organic carbon). The OM/OC (organic mass-to-organic carbon) ratio of polar and non-polar organics averaging at 2.0 and ~ 1.2 (and the overall OM/OC ratio at 1.7) look quite similar during both the campaigns. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved total source contribution up to 81.4% of which ~ 64% was attributed to mixed contribution from biomass burning emission and secondary transformations, 25% of the resolved source fraction to fossil fuel combustion and 11% of the resolved source fraction to the mineral dust. These results have implications to better parameterization of organic aerosols in chemical transport model and accurate estimation of their influence on regional-scale radiative forcing.

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Section: Influence Of Fog On Organic Aerosol Compositionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Principal Component Analysis (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Polar and Non-polar Organic Aerosols: Om/oc Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Rajput

2018

Aerosol Sci Eng

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“…Previous studies conducted in IGP have extensively reported the concentration of ions either in fog water or in the aerosols and gases separately in the atmosphere, which provide vital information regarding the different kinds of phase chemistry during winter period (Kulshrestha et al, 2005;Kaul et al, 2011;Gupta and Mandariya, 2013;Agarwal et al, 2017;Ghude et al, 2017;Nath and Yadav, 2018;Rajput et al, 2018;Izhar et al, 2020). But there are certain interactions going on in the ambient air, particularly during winters owing to aqueous-phase chemistry, which simultaneously includes interactions of gases and aerosol with fog droplets (Waldman et al, 1982;Jacob et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Air Pollution Events Spiking Ionic Levels at Urban and Rural Sites of Indo-Gangetic Plain

Mishra

Kulshrestha

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The present study is a modest attempt to quantify the water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in the early morning (fogforming) ambient air on the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during winter via dissolution using a low-cost refluxing mist chamber. The chemical composition of the bulk samples showed significant differences in the WSIIs between the two monitored sites, one urban and the other rural, with NH 4 + (47% and 37%, respectively) and Ca 2+ (18% and 8%, respectively) being the major cations and NO 3-(10% and 16%, respectively) and SO 4 2-(9% and 14%, respectively) being the major anions. The WSII concentration spiked during November at both locations (∑WSII = 159.6 and 141.9 µg m-3) due to two extreme air pollution events, viz., i) the burning of crop residue and ii) the Diwali festival. These changes, which were corroborated by observations of the meteorological conditions, played an essential role in the wintertime atmospheric chemistry. On foggy days, significant scavenging of ions associated with crustal dust (Ca 2+ , Na + , Mg 2+ and Cl-) occurred, although the ambient concentrations of other species (K + , NH 4 + , NO 2-, NO 3and SO 4 2-) remained relatively unaffected. Furthermore, the relationship between the cations and anions demonstrated that NH 3 and HONO, as the primary gaseous species, were involved in heterogeneous aqueous-phase reactions and the formation of secondary aerosols. Source apportionment based on principal component analysis and the mass ratios also indicated that local anthropogenic sources, in addition to natural ones such as soil/road dust and biogenic emissions, influenced the WSII composition. Vehicular exhaust, solid waste and biofuel burning were identified as the major contributors of WSIIs at the urban site, whereas biomass burning, agricultural activity and coal combustion in brick kilns were the predominant sources at the rural site.

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Chemical Speciation and Source Apportionment of Airborne Coarse Particles at Kanpur

Rai

Gupta

2019

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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Chemical composition and source-apportionment of sub-micron particles during wintertime over Northern India: New insights on influence of fog-processing

Cited by 55 publications

References 66 publications

OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

OM/OC Ratio of Polar and Non-Polar Organic Matter during Wintertime from Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications to Regional-Scale Radiative Forcing

Extreme Air Pollution Events Spiking Ionic Levels at Urban and Rural Sites of Indo-Gangetic Plain

Chemical Speciation and Source Apportionment of Airborne Coarse Particles at Kanpur

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