Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Tea Grounds Silage Treated with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Acremonium Cellulase

Xu, Chuncheng; Cai, Yimin; Fujita, Yasuhito; Kawamoto, Hidenori; Sato, Takanori; Masuda, Nobuyoshi

doi:10.2508/chikusan.74.355

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Addition of dried beet pulp suppressed the disappearance of ECG and EGCG, with changes being almost negligible in EGC and caffeine. Xu et al 15 also reported an inhibited degradation of tea catechins in wet GTW silage when treated with LAB and cell wall degrading enzymes, although their initial contents were substantially lower compared with the residual contents in this study. Bravo et al 16 noted that tea catechins disappeared in large intestine, suggesting that certain microorganisms can degrade tea catechins under anaerobic condition.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…There is also a variation in the counts of microorganisms in wet GTW, although the reason has not well been studied. Cai et al 3 and Xu et al 15 determined a high number of yeasts with no detectable LAB in the ensiling material, while Kondo et al 2 found a high LAB count. The present study indicated that both LAB and yeasts could be high in wet GTW prior to ensiling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes during ensilage in fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production of green tea waste stored with or without dried beet pulp

2007

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Wet green tea waste (GTW) was ensiled in laboratory silos with or without dried beet pulp at a ratio of 2:1 on a fresh weight basis. The silos were opened at 15, 30 and 60 days after anaerobic storage; fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production were determined. Acetic acid prevailed over the fermentation and the pH declined to below 4.2 when wet GTW was ensiled alone. Addition of dried beet pulp greatly enhanced lactic acid production and the pH further decreased to below 3.8 with no butyric acid being detected. Approximately 90% and 80% of (−)-epicatechin gallate and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, respectively, were degraded in silage prepared from wet GTW alone, while the degradation was ameliorated in mixed silage to about 55% and 70%, respectively. Antioxidative activity was not markedly altered by ensiling and 70-80% of the initial activity was detected after 60 days. Changes were small in (−)-epigallocatechin, caffeine and total phenols with or without mixing with dried beet pulp. In vitro gas production was similar between materials and their silages, indicating that reduction of tea catechins would not elicit an improvement in digestibility. It is concluded that wet GTW can be ensiled successfully without bacterial inoculants when mixed with other materials containing certain sugars. Ensiling may degrade part of the components of tea catechins, while not affecting total phenols, antioxidative activity and digestibility of wet GTW.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes during ensilage in fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production of green tea waste stored with or without dried beet pulp

2007

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“…The organic acid contents were determined by HPLC (Xu et al, 2007). Ammonia-N (NH 3 -N) was determined by steam distillation of the filtrates (Xu et al, 2003) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) by the Kjeldahl method.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an inoculant and enzymes on fermentation quality and nutritive value of erect milkvetch (<i>Astragalus adsurgens</i> Pall.) silages

Xu¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2011

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The objective of this experiment was to determine the ensiling characteristics, microbial changes and in vitro degradation of erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) treated with different additives. Erect milkvetch was treated with distilled water (control), inoculant (I, lactic acid bacteria), enzymes (E, fibrolytic enzymes) and inoculant + enzymes (I + E) prior to ensiling. Three bag silos were used and opened after 1, 3, 5, 15, 30 and 45 days for chemical analysis and microbial measurement. For all the silages, there was a rapid decline in pH during the first 5 days of ensiling. Compared with the control, all added treatments (I, E and I + E) resulted in higher (P<0.05) lactic acid concentration at all ensiling periods. The crude protein content was higher, and neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and sulphuric acid lignin were lower for all treatments compared with the control (P<0.05). Treatments of enzymes (E, I + E) can also significantly improve in vitro dry matter digestibility by 10.9 and 13.6% and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility by 19.8 and 21.7%, respectively. Compared with the control, treatments I and I + E increased in vitro crude protein digestibility (P<0.05). These results indicated that the addition of additives can improve both erect milkvetch silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility to some extent.

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“…There is increasing demand for efficient use of food by‐products due to economic and environmental concerns. These grounds are usually high in crude protein (CP), amino acids, catechins such as epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate, and vitamins (Xu et al . 2003, 2004a; Kondo et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that there are some problems with using wet green tea grounds (WGTG) as feed, such as a high moisture content, nutritional imbalance, poor preservation and poor intake (Xu et al . 2003; Eruden et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of replacing brewers' grains with green tea grounds on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics of wethers

Cai

Moriya

et al. 2008

Animal Science Journal

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An experiment was conducted to examine feed intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal fermentation and blood components of wethers fed diets containing increasing levels of wet green tea grounds (WGTG). The experimental design was a 4 ¥ 4 Latin square with four wethers in four 15-day periods. Wethers were allowed access to diets ad libitum, and allotted to one of four treatments in which WGTG replaced 0% (no WGTG added, CTG), 5% (low level, LBG), 10% (medium level, MTG), and 15% (high level, HTG) of total mixed ration (TMR) dry matter (DM) as wet brewers grains (WBG). All TMR silages were ensiled for 120 days and, irrespective of the WGTG addition, they were well preserved with a high lactic acid content, low pH and ammonia-N contents. There were no differences among treatments in feed intake, with the exception of ether extract intake (P = 0.032). Digestibilities for LTG and MTG treatments were not different from CTG. However, the organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and energy digestibilities for HTG treatment were lower than the CTG (P < 0.05). As the level of WGTG increased, nitrogen intake did not differ, but fecal nitrogen increased (P = 0.002), while urinary nitrogen decreased (P < 0.001). No differences among treatments were found in pH level and volatile fatty acids concentrations. However, the ruminal ammonia-N of the HTG silage was lower than for the CTG silage at all times (P < 0.05). Increasing concentrations of WGTG in the TMR silage decreased (P = 0.019) plasma urea nitrogen content. Therefore, the possible mixing proportion of WGTG for TMR silages can be 10% of the diet DM.

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Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Tea Grounds Silage Treated with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Acremonium Cellulase

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Changes during ensilage in fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production of green tea waste stored with or without dried beet pulp

Changes during ensilage in fermentation products, tea catechins, antioxidative activity and in vitro gas production of green tea waste stored with or without dried beet pulp

Effect of an inoculant and enzymes on fermentation quality and nutritive value of erect milkvetch (<i>Astragalus adsurgens</i> Pall.) silages

Influence of replacing brewers' grains with green tea grounds on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation characteristics of wethers

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