Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of various foliages consumed by mithun (Bos frontalis)

Prakash, B.; Dhali, A.; Rathore, S. S.; Das, Kinsuk; Walling, I.; Vüpru, Kezhavituo; Mech, A.; Baruah, K. K.; Rajkhowa, C.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.10.002

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A wide variation in chemical composition was observed among the TF. However, nutrient compositions of TF are consistent with previous reports (Prakash et al, 2009). Most of TF contained higher levels of CT (i.e., >50 g/kg DM) than acceptable limit (Waghorn et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Prakash¹,

Saha²,

Khate³

et al. 2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding different diets on fermentation, enzyme activities and microbial population in the rumen fluid of mithun (Bos frontalis). In a randomized block design, 20 male mithun (6-8 months of age, 152 ± 12.6 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group) and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 180 days. The diet R1 contained tree foliages (TF), R2 comprised of 50% concentrate mixture (CM) and 50% TF, R3 contained 50% CM and 50% rice straw, and R4 contained 50% CM, 25% TF and 25% rice straw. Rumen liquor was collected at 0 and 180 days of the experiment for estimation of different ruminal parameters and a digestion trial was conducted at the end of the experiment. Rumen fluid was analysed for pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N), total-N, ruminal enzymes, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial profile. The relative quantification of ruminal microbes was carried out with real-time PCR using bacteria as the house keeping gene. The dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, body weight gain, NH3 -N, total-N, carboxymethyl cellulase, avicelase, xylanase, amylase, protease and molar proportion of butyrate were (p < 0.05) higher in mithun fed R2 , R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1 diet. In contrast, increased (p < 0.05) ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate and, acetate to propionate ratio was recorded in mithun fed only TF than those fed concentrate supplemented diets. Similarly, an increase (p < 0.05) in the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and total bacteria were evident in mithun fed R2 , R3 and R4 compared to those fed R1 . Therefore, it is concluded that TF 25% and/or rice straw 25% along with CM 50% may be fed to the growing mithun for improved rumen ecology, nutrient utilization and thus better performance under stall fed system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Prakash¹,

Saha²,

Khate³

et al. 2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Mithun have great socio-economic importance among the mostly tribal population of the region. Mithun is primarily reared for meat, without any human inputs except occasional salt offerings [30]. Meat and milk of mithun have high quality in terms of higher fat% in milk and better marbling of its meat compared to cattle [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence and de novo assembly revealed genomic architecture of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)

et al. 2019

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Background Mithun ( Bos frontalis ), also called gayal, is an endangered bovine species, under the tribe bovini with 2n = 58 XX chromosome complements and reared under the tropical rain forests region of India, China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh. However, the origin of this species is still disputed and information on its genomic architecture is scanty so far. We trust that availability of its whole genome sequence data and assembly will greatly solve this problem and help to generate many information including phylogenetic status of mithun. Recently, the first genome assembly of gayal, mithun of Chinese origin, was published. However, an improved reference genome assembly would still benefit in understanding genetic variation in mithun populations reared under diverse geographical locations and for building a superior consensus assembly. We, therefore, performed deep sequencing of the genome of an adult female mithun from India, assembled and annotated its genome and performed extensive bioinformatic analyses to produce a superior de novo genome assembly of mithun. Results We generated ≈300 Gigabyte (Gb) raw reads from whole-genome deep sequencing platforms and assembled the sequence data using a hybrid assembly strategy to create a high quality de novo assembly of mithun with 96% recovered as per BUSCO analysis. The final genome assembly has a total length of 3.0 Gb, contains 5,015 scaffolds with an N50 value of 1 Mb. Repeat sequences constitute around 43.66% of the assembly. The genomic alignments between mithun to cattle showed that their genomes, as expected, are highly conserved. Gene annotation identified 28,044 protein-coding genes presented in mithun genome. The gene orthologous groups of mithun showed a high degree of similarity in comparison with other species, while fewer mithun specific coding sequences were found compared to those in cattle. Conclusion Here we presented the first de novo draft genome assembly of Indian mithun having better coverage, less fragmented, better annotated, and constitutes a reasonably complete assembly compared to the previously published gayal genome. This comprehensive assembly unravelled the genomic architecture of mithun to a great extent and will provide a reference genome assembly to research community to elucidate the evolutionary history of mithun across its distinct geographical locations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5980-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This unique species is also found in many pockets of Southeast Asia and considered to be a descendent of wild gaur (Simoons 1984). This animal thrives on tree foliages (Prakash et al 2009) in hot, humid and hilly terrain at an altitude of 300-3,000 m above sea level. Mithun is a highly preferred meat-producing animal, and it plays an important role in the sociocultural life of the local tribal population of NEHR.…”

Section: Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in Mithun (Bos frontalis) offered urea-treated paddy straw based feed blocks

Sinha

Prakash

Neog

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of feeding feed blocks containing varying proportion of urea-treated paddy straw (UTPS) on dry matter (DM) intake (DMI), nutrient utilization and N balance in Mithun. For the purpose, four adult male Mithun (279.5 ± 8.2 kg) were selected and offered four experimental rations viz. R(1) (Napier fodder + concentrate at 60:40), R(2) (UTPS + concentrate at 50:50), R(3) (UTPS + concentrate at 60:40) and R(4) (UTPS + concentrate at 70:30) in 4 × 4 Latin square design. The DMI % of body weight was 2.59, 2.96, 2.85 and 2.77 and the DMI g kg(-1) W(0.75) was 107, 123, 118 and 115 in Mithun fed R(1), R(2), R(3) and R(4), respectively. The mean DMI was (P < 0.01) higher in animals fed R(2) and R(3) than R(1) and R(4), whereas the water intake was (P < 0.01) higher in Mithun fed R(2), R(3) and R(4) than R(1). The digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and cellulose were (P < 0.05) higher in animals fed R(2), R(3) and R(4) than R(1). A positive N balance was observed in all the experimental animals, with higher (P < 0.05) values among the animals offered R(2), R(3) and R(4) than R(1). The digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient intakes were higher (P < 0.05) in Mithun fed R(2) and R(3) than R(1) and R(4). It is concluded that the UTPS can be incorporated up to 70% to formulate the complete feed/feed block and can be used for feeding of Mithun under complete confinement system.

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Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of various foliages consumed by mithun (Bos frontalis)

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (Bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes

Whole genome sequence and de novo assembly revealed genomic architecture of Indian Mithun (Bos frontalis)

Intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in Mithun (Bos frontalis) offered urea-treated paddy straw based feed blocks

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