Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of edible plant-derived essential oils against the pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

The chemical compositions and larvicidal potential against mosquito vectors of selected essential oils obtained from five edible plants were investigated in this study. Using a GC/MS, 24, 17, 20, 21, and 12 compounds were determined from essential oils of Citrus hystrix, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber zerumbet, Kaempferia galanga, and Syzygium aromaticum, respectively. The principal constituents found in peel oil of C. hystrix were β-pinene (22.54%) and d-limonene (22.03%), followed by terpinene-4-ol (17.37%). Compounds in C. reticulata peel oil consisted mostly of d-limonene (62.39%) and γ-terpinene (14.06%). The oils obtained from Z. zerumbet rhizome had α-humulene (31.93%) and zerumbone (31.67%) as major components. The most abundant compounds in K. galanga rhizome oil were 2-propeonic acid (35.54%), pentadecane (26.08%), and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (25.96%). The main component of S. aromaticum bud oil was eugenol (77.37%), with minor amounts of trans-caryophyllene (13.66%). Assessment of larvicidal efficacy demonstrated that all essential oils were toxic against both pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant Ae. aegypti laboratory strains at LC 50 , LC 95 , and LC 99 levels.In conclusion, we have documented the promising larvicidal potential of essential oils from edible herbs, which could be considered as a potentially alternative source for developing novel larvicides to be used in controlling vectors of mosquitoborne disease. Journal of Vector Ecology 35 (1): 106-115. 2010.

Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae) extracts

“…Ethyl-cinnamate and (Sutthanont et al, 2010). ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate are found to be the most vital constituents in the dichloromethane (Othman et al, 2006), hexane (Yu et al, 2000) and methanol extracts (Huang et al, 2008). About 98.98% of essential oil constituents have been isolated and identified with only 1.11% constituents that are still unknown (Sutthanont et al, 2010).…”

“…The most abundant essential oil constituents include propanoic acid, pentadecane, ethyl-pmethoxycinnamate. Other constituents include 1,8-cineol, undecanone, isopropyl cinnamate, dicyclohexylpropanedinitrile, dipentene dioxide, 9-hydroxy, 2-nonanone, 2,7-octadiene-1-yl acetate, ethyl cyclohexyl acetate, cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate, 2-heptadecanone, 4-methyl isopulegone, camphidine, trans,trans-octa-2, 4-dienyl acetate, 10-undecyn-1-ol, 3,7-dimethoxycoumarin, delta-3-carene, alpha pinene, camphene, borneol, cymene, alpha terpineol, alpha gurjunene, germacrenes, cadinenes, caryophyllenes, luteolin and apigenin (Koh, 2009;Mustafa et al, 2010;Othman et al, 2006;Sutthanont et al, 2010).…”

Evaluation of larvicidal activity and brine shrimp toxicity of rhizome extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith

“…Rahuman et al 15 evaluated the larvicidal activity of the petroleum ether extract of Z. offi cinalis, and their results show that the most effective compound against A. aegypti (4.25ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus (5.52ppm) was 4-gingerol. Sutthanont et al 8 have reported that the essential oils of Z. zerumbet and Kaempferia galanga, two Zingiberaceae, were found to be larvicidal against pyrethroid-susceptible A. aegypti, with LC 50 values of 48.88 and 53.64ppm, respectively. Tewtrakul et al 7 reported the effective toxicity of the ethanol extract of Z. zerumbet against Anopheline larvae, with an LD 50 of 18.9μg/mL.…”

“…Bioassays showed that the DCM extract was more toxic than the MeOH extract to the larvae of both mosquito species, and that A. nuneztovari (CL 50 < 70μg/mL) was more susceptible to the DCM extract than A. aegypti (CL 50 < 300μg/mL) in both treatments (Table 2). Zerumbone is the main common component (31.7%) in the rhizome oil of the Asian species of Z. zerumbet 8 , and 97% pure zerumbone was obtained from the essential oil of the rhizomes of the Brazilian species 14 . Based on these results, the authors suggest that the high activity present in the DCM extract might be associated with a considerable amount of the active principal of Z. zerumbet, which would cause the greater susceptibility of the tested organisms (brine shrimp and mosquito larvae) ( Table 2).…”

“…The larvicidal assay was performed against larvae of 2 mosquito species (Aedes aegypti and Anopheles nuneztovari). This plant was selected because it has been used for cancer treatment and it also exhibits antimicrobial activity 1 , while only a few studies on its larvicidal activity have been reported 7,8 .…”