Chemical Composition and Hypotensive Effect of Campomanesia xanthocarpa

Abstract

Campomanesia xanthocarpa is known in Brazil as Guabiroba and is popularly used for various diseases, such as inflammatory, renal, and digestive diseases and dyslipidemia. The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical composition and investigate the effects of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa on the blood pressure of normotensive rats, analyzing the possible action mechanism using experimental and in silico procedures. The extract was evaluated for total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content. The chemical components were determined by HPLC analyses. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured with extract and drugs administration. The leaves of C. xanthocarpa presented the relevant content of phenolics and flavonoids, and we suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and theobromine. The acute administration of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa has a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in normotensive rats, suggesting that the action mechanism may be mediated through the renin-angiotensin system by AT1 receptor blockade and sympathetic autonomic response. Docking studies showed models that indicated an interaction between chlorogenic acid and quercetin with the AT1 receptor (AT1R) active site. The findings of these docking studies suggest the potential of C. xanthocarpa constituents for use as preventive agents for blood pressure.

Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions

“…C. xanthocarpa O. Berg is found in the midwest [ 22 ] and southern region of Brazil, as well as in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay [ 43 ]. Some studies have demonstrated its important therapeutic activities, such as antiulcerogenic [ 29 ], anti-inflammatory [ 32 ], and antiprotozoal [ 30 ] effects, as well as antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activity [ 44 ], antioxidant potential [ 33 ], and antiplatelet, antithrombotic, fibrinolytic [ 45 , 46 ], and, more recently, hypotensive effects [ 47 ] from C. xanthocarpa .…”

“…Another relevant pathological condition considered a cardiovascular risk factor for morbidity and mortality in the world is essential hypertension. A current study accomplished by Sant’Anna et al [ 47 ] evaluated the influence of C. xanthocarpa leaf extract on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Normotensive Wistar male rats were used and were submitted to catheterization of the carotid artery and jugular vein to measure the hemodynamic parameters and administrate the extract and drugs, respectively.…”

“…Hexamethonium (20 mg/kg), a ganglionic blocker, was also used to evaluate the involvement of sympathetic ganglionic blockade mechanism. Thus, the results have demonstrated that the hypotensive action of the extract may be involved in the AT1R mechanism through a sympathetic autonomic response [ 47 ].…”

“…Together with these findings, phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid, were found during a phytochemical analysis. The high content of quercetin in the C. xanthocarpa extract may be primarily responsible for its hypotensive action [ 47 ].…”

Análises física e fisiológica de sementes de Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg e Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) em diferentes temperaturas e substratos

“…O uso popular do chá das folhas de C. xanthocarpa é indicado para doenças inflamatórias, renais, digestivas e dislipidemia (Sant' Anna et al, 2017), e os extratos dos frutos de E. involucrata são uma importante fonte de antioxidantes, além das folhas serem aproveitadas na forma de chá, o qual é difundido popularmente como sendo de ação antidiarreica e digestiva (Sausen et al, 2009;Nicácio et al, 2017).…”