Chemical Composition and Health Risk of PM2.5 from Near-ground Firecracker Burning in Micro Region of Eastern Taiwan

Shen, Huazhen; Yuan, Chung-Shin; Lu, Chun-Chung; Jiang, Yubo; Jing, Guohua; Hu, Gongren; Yu, Ruilian

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2019.08.0410

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…To date, there have been some studies of PM 2.5 variation with firework displays, but most of the works have focused on individual cities [ 40 , 42 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 89 ]. However, considering that China has a large span of latitude and longitude, the climatic characteristics and geographical conditions are quite different, which makes the researches based on a single city have certain limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the cultural meaning of fireworks in the Chinese New Year celebration, high-intensity displays are common, and the firework contribution to air pollution is considerable [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. It has been reported that during the seven days of celebration following the Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve in 2013, up to 5505 tons of firework residues were removed from the streets in Beijing [ 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Fireworks Discharge on Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration in the Chinese Lunar New Year

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Discharging fireworks during the Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations is a deep-rooted custom in China. In this paper, we analyze the effect of this cultural activity on PM2.5 concentration using both ground observations and satellite data. By combining remote sensing data, the problem of uneven spatial distribution of ground monitoring has been compensated, and the research time span has been expanded. The results show that the extensive firework displays on New Year’s Eve lead to a remarkable increase in nationwide PM2.5 concentration, which were 159~223% of the average level, indicating the instantaneous effect far exceeds that of any other factor over the whole year. However, the averaged PM2.5 concentrations of the celebration period were 0.99~16.32 μg/m3 lower compared to the average values of the corresponding pre-celebration period and post-celebration period, indicating the sustained effect is not very significant. The implementation of firework prohibition policies can greatly reduce the instantaneous PM2.5 increase, but no obvious air quality improvement is observed over the entire celebration period. Combining these findings and the cultural significance of this activity, we recommend that this custom is actively maintained, using new technologies and scientific governance programs to minimize the negative effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fireworks Discharge on Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration in the Chinese Lunar New Year

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The ionic composition on Hualien leaves was dominated by sea salt (Na, Cl), reflecting the small distance to the sea (50 km in the main wind direction). Nitrate and sulfate are mainly composed of secondary ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate from industry (Yang et al, 2017 ; Shen et al, 2019 , 2020 ). Nitrate, ammonium, and potassium strongly contributed to the composition of particles on Pingtung leaves, whereas the sulfate and magnesium concentrations were higher on Hualien leaves ( Figure 2B ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)

et al. 2022

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Major parts of anthropogenic and natural aerosols are hygroscopic and deliquesce at high humidity, particularly when depositing to leaf surfaces close to transpiring stomata. Deliquescence and subsequent salt creep may establish thin, extraordinary pathways into the stomata, which foster stomatal uptake of nutrients and water but may also cause stomatal liquid water loss by wicking. Such additional water loss is not accompanied by a wider stomatal aperture with a larger CO2 influx and hypothetically reduces water use efficiency (WUE). Here, the possible direct impacts of aerosols on physical and physiological parameters of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) were studied (i) in a greenhouse experiment using aerosol exclusion and (ii) in a field study in Taiwan, comparing trees at two sites with different aerosol regimes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that leaves grown under aerosol exclusion in filtered air (FA) were lacking the amorphous, flat areas that were abundant on leaves grown in ambient air (AA), suggesting salt crusts formed from deliquescent aerosols. Increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) resulted in half the Ball-Berry slope and double WUE for AA compared to FA leaves. This apparent contradiction to the wicking hypothesis may be due to the independent, overcompensating effect of stomatal closure in response to VPD, which affects AA more than FA stomata. Compared to leaves in a more polluted region in the Taiwanese Southwest, NaCl aerosols dominated the leaf surface conditions on mature camphor trees in Eastern Taiwan, while the considerably lower contact angles and the 2.5 times higher minimum epidermal conductances might have come from organic surfactants. Interpretations of SEM images from leaf surface microstructures should consider amorphous areas as possible indicators of aerosol deposition and other hygroscopic material. The amount and type of the material determine the resulting impacts on plant water relations, together with the surrounding atmosphere and ecophysiological traits.

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“…Particulate matters (PMs) are a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances that are suspended in air, which consists of sulfates, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust, and water (WHO, 2016). PMs are classified according to their morphology and elemental composition as geogenic, anthropogenic, and biogenic aerosols usually obtained from vehicular emissions, biomass burning, re-suspended road/soil dust (Zeb et al, 2018), firecracker burning, and kitchen fumes (Shen et al, 2019). Several other factors such as relative humidity, seasonal change, and transboundary pollution can also contribute to the levels of PMs in the environment (Chen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants' Neurodevelopmental Effects of PM2.5 and Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants Exposure in Southern Taiwan

Kao

Chen

Avelino

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Several studies have stated the harmful effects of PM 2.5 to population health, including disruption of neurological development. However, the mechanism behind the neurodevelopmental effects of ambient PM 2.5 and postnatal PBDEs and OCPs exposure is still unknown. Our goal was to determine influence of breastmilk residues, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), to the infants' neurodevelopment with respect to high and low PM 2.5 exposure areas. The participants were recruited from high PM 2.5 exposure areas (n = 32) and low PM 2.5 exposure areas (n = 23) of southern Taiwan. The extracted 14 PBDEs and 20 OCPs compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The infants, aging from 8-12 months, were examined by Bayley Scales of Infants and Toddlers Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) for neurodevelopment. Results showed that high PM 2.5 exposure caused reduced head circumference and had significant effects on the motor skill and social emotional development. For breastmilk PBDEs, a positive correlation between BDE-196 and social emotion, after multivariate analysis with adjustment of confounders, was observed while BDE-99, 196, 197, and 207 showed higher magnitudes in low PM 2.5 areas than in high PM 2.5 areas. For OCPs, only γ-hexachlorcyclohexanes (γ-HCH) presented the significant difference between high and low PM 2.5 exposure areas. Most breastmilk OCPs residues, including 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), γ-HCH, endrin, and heptachlor epoxide showed negative impact on the Bayley-III scores after multivariate analysis. In conclusion, infants' neurodevelopment was significantly correlated with the location of PM 2.5 exposure and breastmilk intake of certain PBDEs and OCPs. Breastmilk OCPs might obviously affect infants' neurodevelopment more compared to breastmilk PBDEs based on our finding. Moreover, this study further employs awareness about viable effects of PM 2.5 in infants' neurodevelopment.

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Chemical Composition and Health Risk of PM2.5 from Near-ground Firecracker Burning in Micro Region of Eastern Taiwan

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

The Effects of Fireworks Discharge on Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration in the Chinese Lunar New Year

The Effects of Fireworks Discharge on Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration in the Chinese Lunar New Year

Aerosol Impacts on Water Relations of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora)

Infants' Neurodevelopmental Effects of PM2.5 and Persistent Organohalogen Pollutants Exposure in Southern Taiwan

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