Chemical Composition and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Turkish Pancratium maritimum Bulbs

Abstract

The chemical composition of the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey (Pamucak, Aydın) has been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 29 compounds belonging to different skeletal types of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were identified. Lycorine, galanthamine, crinine, and pancracine were found as major constituents. Interestingly, indole alkaloids (1-acetyl-β -carboline and galanthindole) were also detected. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity potentials of the alkaloidal extract were also determined. The results of the present study show that Turkish P. maritimum comprises a rich repository for bioactive alkaloids with intriguing structural diversities.

Seasonal Functional Partitioning of Carbohydrates and Proline among Plant Parts of the Sand Daffodil

“…It is worth mentioning that P. maritimum was included in the 4th volume of the 1st edition of Flora Graeca Sibthorpiana-one of the rarest and magnificent botanical books ever written [25]-that was published in London in 1823; this archival, rare source has been digitized and is currently electronically accessed [2,26]. Therein, the original watercolor made by the artist Ferdinand Bauer (1760-1826) in Oxford [26] was based on specimens collected during a botanical expedition in Greece, in 1787 [27,28].The etymology of the generic name Pancratium is derived from two Greek words, pan (παν) that means "all" and cratos (κράτoς) that means "potent" [29], hence Pancratium means omnipotent; in English, the meaning of maritimum is growing by the sea [29].Although several aspects concerning patterns of fruit and seed set within inflorescences, pollen, in vitro micropropagation, and genetic diversity of P. maritimum, as well as the extraction of natural substances from P. maritimum have been published [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], there is a scarcity of data on ecophysiological traits of the geophyte P. maritimum inhabiting maritime sands. The bulbs of P. maritimum remain protected below the soil surface, while the aboveground parts are seasonally exposed to ambient environmental conditions.…”

“…Although several aspects concerning patterns of fruit and seed set within inflorescences, pollen, in vitro micropropagation, and genetic diversity of P. maritimum, as well as the extraction of natural substances from P. maritimum have been published [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], there is a scarcity of data on ecophysiological traits of the geophyte P. maritimum inhabiting maritime sands. The bulbs of P. maritimum remain protected below the soil surface, while the aboveground parts are seasonally exposed to ambient environmental conditions.…”

Alkaloid Composition and Biological Activities of the Amaryllidaceae Species Ismene amancaes (Ker Gawl.) Herb.

“…The database includes Amaryllidaceae alkaloids previously isolated and identified using different spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The alkaloids have also been evaluated using the NIST 05 Database (NIST, MD, USA) [ 43 ] and compared to data from the literature [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The alkaloid structures were obtained using the software ChemDraw 12.0 (PerkinElmer Informatics, MA, USA).…”

Advances on the Amaryllidacea Alkaloids Collected in South Africa, Andean South America and the Mediterranean Basin

“…From the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum , which were always collected in Turkey, Pamucak/Aydın), several alkaloids such as lycorine, galanthamine, tazettine, 11-hydroxyvittatine, homolycorine, ismine, trispheridine, galantindole, 6- O -methyoxypretazzettine, dehydroanhydrolycorine, buphanisine, N-demethylgalanthamine crinine, pancracine, hippeastrine, assoanine, 8- O -demethylmaritidine, 9- O -demethylhomolycorine 5,6-dihydrobicolorine, and 2,11-didehydro-2-dehydroxylycorine ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 36 , 38 , 39 41 , 43 , 48 , 88 , 90 , 111 and 133 ) and galanthane, pancratinine, and obliquine ( 140 , 141 and 142 , Figure 9 ) were isolated [ 103 ]. The crude bulb organic extract showed AChE and BuChE inhibition activity with IC 50 values of 3.49 and 28.96 µg/mL, respectively [ 103 ]. From the same Amaryllidaceae, but collected in Squillace, Calabria region, Italy, ten Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were isolated and identified as tazettine, vittatine, haemanthamine, 11-hydroxyvittatine, homolycorine, pancracine, haemanthidine, and 9- O -demethyllycorine ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 8, 10 , 41 , 59 and 90 ), and obliquine ( 141 ) [ 104 ].…”