Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the Tunisian Achillea cretica L. essential oils

Abstract

The essential oils (EOs) of different organs (flowers, vegetative parts (stems + leaves) and roots) of Achillea cretica were investigated. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils were also evaluated. They have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five, twenty-nine and twenty-five compounds, accounting for 97.9%, 98.80% and 96.20% of the root, (stem + leaf), and flower oils, were identified, respectively. The EOs were rich in monoterpenes (camphor, borneol, camphene and 1,8-cineola) and camphor was identified as a major constituent. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and ferric reducing assays. The isolated oils showed significant radical-scavenging activity evidenced by IC50 value for ABTS radical (in between IC50 =62 µg/mL and IC50 = 70 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity was tested against two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria using the broth dilution method. The flowers essential oil shows an excellent inhibitory effect on S. aureus

Achillea spp.: A comprehensive review on its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, phytopharmacology and industrial applications

“…A. cretica EO from different organs (flowers, vegetative parts and roots) were active against S. aureus and E. faecalis (MIC=15-39 μg/ ml), but not against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter. The main component of the oils, camphor, displayed only mild effects (91). A. cretica EO contained caryophylladienol-II as main component, being bactericidal against B. cereus (MIC=62.5 µg/ml) and inactive on Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Shygella flexneri, Salmonella sp.…”

The antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. essential oils in Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam

“…According to our literature survey, camphor and camphene have been reported to have significant antimicrobial activity (Pitarokili et al, 2003;Salamci et al, 2007). In addition, -Pinene, -Pinene, cineole, and germacrene D are well-known chemicals exhibiting strong antimicrobial activity (Sivropoulou et al, 1997;Magiatis et al, 1999;Filipowicz et al, 2003;Hichri et al, 2018) and these compounds also appeared with a relatively high ratio in the essential oil of E. blanda.…”

Terpenoids and Bio-Functions of Essential Oils Hydrodistilled Differently from Freshly Immature and Mature Blumea balsamifera Leaves

“…Camphor is a major component of EOs and exhibits the highest aqueous solubility of other terpenoids in EOs [40]. Tis property probably enables it to penetrate through the outer membrane of bacteria [41]. Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to EOs than Gram-positive ones, which is mainly because the outer layer of Gram-negative bacteria comprises lipopolysaccharides, which restrict the difusion of hydrophobic compounds through the lipopolysaccharide covering [42].…”