Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Artemisia maritima and Artemisia nilagirica Essential Oils from Wild Plants of Western Himalaya

Abstract

Artemisia species possess pharmacological properties that are used for medical purposes worldwide. In this paper, the essential oils from the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica and Artemisia maritima from the western Indian Himalaya region are described. The main compounds analyzed by simultaneous GC/MS and GC/FID were camphor and 1,8-cineole from A. maritima, and camphor and artemisia ketone from A. nilagirica. Additionally, the oils were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, mosquito biting deterrent, and larvicidal activities. A. nilagirica essential oil demonstrated nonselective antifungal activity against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas A. maritima did not show antifungal activity. Both Artemisia spp. exhibited considerable mosquito biting deterrence, whereas only A. nilagirica showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial effects assessed by an agar dilution assay demonstrated greater activity of A. maritima essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to A. nilagirica.

Biological Activity of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oils of Various Chemotypes

“…GC-FID and GC-MS analyses as well as identification and quantification of the compounds were carried out as described earlier [37]. Retention indices [38] were compared to retention indices of reference compounds and from literature data [39][40][41][42] to confirm the peak data.…”

Antifungal activity of essential oils derived from some plants against phytopathogenic fungi

“…The major constituents identified were artemisia ketone (38.3%-61.2%), chrysanthenone (1.5%-7.7%), germacrene D (3.1%-6.8%), β-caryophyllene (1.9%-6.8%), germacra-4,5, 10-trien-1-α-ol (1.9%-4.9%) and artemisia alcohol (1.4%-3.6%). Stappen et al, (2014) reported that A. nilagirica essential oil have nonselective antifungal activity against plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum fragariae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Presence of terpenoides in large quantity and other compounds in small quantity would have perhaps played antifungal property against the phytopathogenic fungi.…”

Bioactivity-Guided Phytochemical Investigations of Artemisia Maritima: Isolation and Characterization of Chemical Constituents

“…Reducing power of the extract was performed through Oyaizu [10] method. The plant extract (10-100 µg/mL) was mixed with 2.5 mL (0.2 M) sodium phosphate buffer (Ph 6.6) and 2.5 mL (1% w/v) potassium ferricyanide K 3 Fe(CN) 6 . The resulting mixture was vortex mixed and incubated at 50°C for 20 min, followed by the addition of 2.5 mL of tricarboxylic acid (10% w/v).…”

“…Literature reveals the isolation of artemin, 1-Keto-6β, 7α, 11β-4(5)en-6, 12-olide, vulgarin, and maritimin from the aerial parts of Artemisia maritime [4,5]. Camphor and 1,8-cineole have found to be the main constituents of essential oil of this plant and also the antibacterial, antifungal, mosquito biting deterrent, and larvicidal activities of this oil have been evaluated [6]. The significance of the present study lies in the fact that bioactivity-guided isolation of aerial parts of A. maritima was carried out and it was found that pet ether extract was rich in phytochemicals exhibiting significant antioxidant and cytotoxic effects.…”