Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Different Species of Piper from Panama

Abstract

The chemical composition of leaf essential oils from 11 species of Piper from Panama was analyzed by a combination GC-FID and GC-MS procedures. Six of them had sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents, three were characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons, one by a diterpene, and one by a phenylpropanoid, dillapiole. The main components identified in each species were: cembratrienol (25.4 %) in Piper augustum; β-pinene (26.6 %) in Piper corrugatum; α-pinene (19.4 %) in Piper curtispicum; trans-β-farnesene (63.7 %) in Piper darienense; p-cymene (43.9 %) in Piper grande; dillapiole (57.7 %) in Piper hispidum; linalool (14.5 %), α-phellandrene (13.8 %), and limonene (12.2 %) in Piper jacquemontianum; β-caryophyllene (45.2 %) in Piper longispicum; linalool (16.5 %), α-phellandrene (11.8 %), limonene (11.4 %), and p-cymene (9.0 %) in Piper multiplinervium; β-selinene (19.0 %), β-elemene (16.1 %), and α-selinene (15.5 %) in Piper reticulatum; and germacrene D (19.7 %) in Piper trigonum. The essential oils of P. hispidum and P. longispicum at a concentration of 250 µg/mL showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, while the oils from P. curtispicum, P. multiplinervium, P. reticulatum, and P. trigonum were inactive (LC100 ≥ 500 µg/mL). The essential oils of P. grande, P. jacquemontianum, and P. multiplinervium showed no significant antifungal activity (MIC > 250 µg/mL) against several yeasts and filamentous fungal strains.

Essential Oils from Neotropical Piper Species and Their Biological Activities

“…Geographical location and habitat likely affects the chemical compositions. For example, the leaf essential oil compositions of P. hispidum from Cuba [ 46 ] was rich in eudesmols, while a sample from Panama was dominated by dillapiole [ 47 ], and a sample from Colombia had ( E )-nerolidol as the major component [ 48 ]. Piper umbellatum essential oils from Monteverde, Costa Rica [ 49 ], and from São Paulo, Brazil [ 31 ], were rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, while the essential oil from the Escambray Mountains of Cuba was rich in camphor and safrole [ 50 ].…”

“… Rondônia state, Brazil Leaf (SD) Octanal (5.5%), germacrene D (72.9%), γ-elemene (6.8%) c --- [ 112 ] P. artanthe C. DC. San Migues, Santander, Colombia Aerial parts (HD) δ-Elemene (11.7%), β-caryophyllene (10.2%), epi -cubebol (8.9%), cubebol (6.3%), myristicin (6.4%), apiole (14.5%) --- [ 113 ] P. augustum Rudge Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, Costa Rica Leaf (HD) α-Pinene (10.5%), α-phellandrene (14.7%), limonene (13.0%), β-phellandrene (5.6%), linalool (10.3%), β-caryophyllene (13.5%) --- [ 114 ] P. augustum Rudge Valle de Anton, Cerro Caracoral, Cocle, Panama Leaf (HD) α-Pinene (6.0%), β-elemene (12.3%), cembrene (11.7%), cembratrienol 1 (25.4%), cembratrienol 2 (8.6%) --- [ 47 ] P. auritum Kunth Boca de Uracillo, Colon Province, Panama Leaf (HD) Safrole (70%) --- [ 115 ] P. auritum Kunth Güira de Melena, Cuba Leaf (HD) Safrole (64.5%) --- [ 116 ] …”

Chemical Composition and Mosquitocidal Activity of n-Hexane and Methanolic Extracts from Euphorbia anacampseros var. tmolea: An Endemic Species of Turkey against Aedes aegypti

“…Aegypti [40]. Santana et al [41] reported that p-cymene rich essential oil from three Piper species (P. grande, P. jac-quemontianum and P. multiplinervium) did not show larvicidal activity at LC100 ≥ 500 µg/mL. The moderate adulticidal activity of n-hexane extract of E. anacampseros var.…”

Essential Oil ofPiper oradendronfrom the Pacific Slope of Guatemala

“…It was also demonstrated in leaves of P. lanceaefolium HBK (12.5%) [16], and, recently in six of 11 species of Piper in a range from 1.1 to 3.3%, with the exception of P. trigonum C. DC. which yielded 19.7% [17].…”