Chemical composition and biological activity of Peucedanum dhana A. Ham essential oil

Abstract

The essential oil was extracted from Peucedanum dhana A. Ham, which grows in Thailand, using a Clevenger apparatus, resulting in an oil yield of 0.76% w/w. Forty-two compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compounds were trans-piperitol (51.23%), β-pinene (11.72%), o-cymene (11.12%), γ-terpinene (9.21%), and limonene (4.91%). The antimicrobial activity of the P. dhana essential oil was investigated by measuring the inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The inhibition zone diameters of P. dhana essential oil (1000 µg/mL) against tested pathogens ranged from 10.70 to 40.80 mm. Significant antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens was obtained, with MIC and MMC values of 62.50–250 µg/mL and 250–1000 µg/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes exposed to P. dhana essential oil at the MIC were analysed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO9 to assess membrane integrity compared to trans-piperitol and β-pinene. After 24 h, treatments with trans-piperitol resulted in the most significant cell membrane alteration and depolarization followed by P. dhana essential oil and β-pinene, respectively. It was demonstrated that the P. dhana essential oil presented antibacterial action against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and E. aerogenes. The antioxidant activity of P. dhana essential oil was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) scavenging activity assays. The IC50 values obtained from the DPPH and ABTS methods were 9.13 and 9.36 mg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of P. dhana oil was tested against human colonic adenocarcinoma (SW480), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), cervical cancer (Hela), and murine fibroblast (3T3L1) cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The essential oil had cytotoxicity against all cancer cells, with significant cytotoxicity towards SW480 cells. As a control experiment, two pure compounds—trans-piperitol and β-pinene, were also tested for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. Both compounds showed varied activity in all assays. The results indicate that P. dhana essential oil could be used as a source of functional ingredients in food and pharmaceutical applications.

Variation in Yield, Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil of Three Curcuma Species: A Comparative Evaluation of Hydrodistillation and Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction Methods

“…To compare the inhibitory action, doxorubicin was used as the standard reference drug that showed an IC 50 value of 1.43 ± 0.21 µg/mL, 1.16 ± 0.19 µg/mL, 2.02 ± 0.38 µg/mL and 811 ± 1.7 µg/mL in HepG2, MCF7, PC3 and 3T3-L1 cells, respectively. The inhibitory action of doxorubicin in the current study is somewhat similar to that reported in previous studies [69][70][71]. The MTT assay results suggested that the essential oil of C. alismatifolia showed significant selective cytotoxicity against MCF7 and PC3 cells, having an IC 50 value of 55.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL vs 52.86 ± 1.23 µg/mL for HD vs SFME and 102.24 ± 2.56 µg/mL vs 98.61 ± 1.87 for HD vs SFME, respectively, confirming the anti-breast and anti-prostate cancer potency.…”

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil and Volatiles from Aerial Parts of Peucedanum tauricum M.B. during the Phenological Period

“…As was reported, Peucedanum plants' essential oil could be a source of active ingredients such as e.g., in the case of P. dhana A. Ham, where essential oil is active against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. aerogenes, and also possesses significant cytotoxic activity against human colon adenocarcinoma SW480 [31], or in the case of P. oeroselinum (L.) Moench essential oil, which was found to be a source of P-glycoprotein inhibitors in in vitro tests [32]. Therefore, the isolation and analysis of essential oil composition is of great interest not only from a chemotaxonomic but also from a biomedical point of view.…”

Essential Oils in Cervical Cancer: Narrative Review on Current Insights and Future Prospects

“…EOs from Cymbopogon nardus (containing 33.06% citronellal), Mentha piperita (containing 43.9% menthol), and Syzygium aromaticum (containing 85.2% eugenol) were also reported to reduce the viability of HeLa cells [74,118]. trans-Piperitol represents 51.2% of Peucedanum dhana EO [119]. Treatment with trans-piperitol in HeLa cells reported reduced cell viability with an IC 50 of 7.07 µg/mL, demonstrating a significantly higher anticancer property compared to P. dhana EO (IC 50 56.63 µg/mL).…”