Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils and Methanol Extracts of Different Parts from Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc.

Abstract

The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and MeOH extracts of stems, needles, and berries from Juniperus rigida were studied. The results indicated that the yield of essential oil from stems (2.5%) was higher than from needles (0.8%) and berries (1.0%). The gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis indicated that 21, 17, and 14 compounds were identified from stems, needles, and berries essential oils, respectively. Caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were primary compounds in both stems and needles essential oils. However, α-pinene and β-myrcene mainly existed in berries essential oils and α-ionone only in needles essential oils. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that the phenolic profiles of three parts exhibited significant differences. Needles extracts had the highest content of chlorogenic acid, catechin, podophyllotoxin, and amentoflavone, and for berries extracts, the content of those compounds was the lowest. Meanwhile, three in vitro methods (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Stems essential oil and needles extracts exhibited the powerful antioxidant activity than other parts. This is the first comprehensive study on the different parts of J. rigida. The results suggested that stems and needles of J. rigida are useful supplements for healthy products as new resources.

Quality Evaluation of Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. Based on Phenolic Profiles, Bioactivity, and HPLC Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics

“…Despite the widespread application and commercial importance of Juniperus -derived products, evaluation of J. rigida has traditionally been based on morphological characteristics resulting from natural genetic development (e.g., mutation, recombination) of individual species with little consideration of phytochemical components and bioactivities (Li et al, 2014; Liu Q. X. et al, 2016; Sobierajska et al, 2016). These shortcomings have limited the utilization of J. rigida , highlighting the urgent necessity for a simple and flexible approach for quality evaluation.…”

Major Fatty Acid Profiles and Bioactivity of Seed Oils from Ten Tree Peony Cultivars as a Potential Raw Material Source for the Cosmetics and Healthy Products

“…These results were in keeping with the total chemical composition contents of seed oil, meaning that antimicrobial activity is closely relative to the FAs and other phytochemicals contained in seed oils. Meng et al [24] and Liu et al [25] also proved the similar results on seed oils from Juniperus rigida. Moreover, the results has been previously confirmed and showed that natural seed oil from plants had prevention and treatment effects based on the biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties, antimicrobial activity may be considered as an important application feature or parameter in quality evaluation of tree peony seed oils.…”

“…These results were consistent with the change profile of oil yields and FAs contents of ten tree peony varieties, supporting the fact that FA compositions, such as, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid, play important roles in the antioxidant activity of seed oil in tree peony [15] and other oleaginous plants. [24,25] The strong antioxidant activities found in samples FD, ZB and YPTJ may attribute to the high amounts of UFAs (oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid). Similar results were also be confirmed in previous reports described by Zhang et al, [15] involved in wild tree peony species and its cultivars.…”

“…Other secondary metabolites in plants, such as phenols, flavonoids, esters, terpenoids, can accelerate the antioxidant activity of tree peony seeds. [16,17] Meng et al [24] and Liu et al [25] found that antioxidant activity of Juniperus rigida was correlative to the abundant caryophyllene, α-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide in essential oils of its stem, needles and berries. In summary, the antioxidant activity variations of plants are possibly caused by the contents, properties, and proportions of the phytochemical profiles.…”

Allelopathic Effects, Physiological Responses and Phenolic Compounds in Litter Extracts of Juniperus rigidaSieb. et Zucc.

“…Chlorogenic acid and podophyllotoxin were the most abundant phenolic compounds in LE. There were lower contents of each phenolic compound in J. rigida litter aqueous extract than in needle, berry and stem samples of J. rigida . This phenomenon may be due to phenolic compounds directly or indirectly releasing into soil, plant roots or the environment through leaching, volatilization and residual decomposition…”