Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Wild and Cultivated <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> from Two Moroccan Localities

Abstract

This research aimed to measure the impact of provenance on the yield, chemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) collected from cultivated and wild plants from two different regions in Morocco (Fez and Figuig). The chemical composition analysis was accomplished utilizing the GC-MS techniques. Sixteen compounds were identified in the EO of both samples, dominated by 1,8-cineole (32.18%), camphor (16.20%) and α-pinene (15.40%) in cultivated type. The α-pinene (51.19) presents the majority compound in the rosemary samples collected from the wild populations.The antimicrobial activity was investigated by using the broth dilution methods against yeast, four bacterial strains and two molds. Rosemary aerial part provided EO with the highest yield and comes from Figuig. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the existence of two chemotypes of oils: α-pinene as well as 1,8-cineole/camphor/α-pinene. Both EOs showed good antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains. The essential oil produced by Fez plants was the most effective against the selected microorganisms having MIC values of 0.315-2.5 mg/L.

Variation in Essential Oil Content and Chemical Composition of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) at Various Growth Stages in the Mediterranean Region

“…When camphor content was compared by the growth stages, higher amounts were found in the pre-flowering stage. Differences in the camphor content were also reported in rosemary by other researchers, such as 11.25%-20.41% (Gürbüz et al, 2017), 1.10%-18.80% (Flamini et al, 2021), 12.40% (Christopoulou et al, 2021, 17.30%-19.07% (Dzięcioł, 2021), 14.39%-17.17% (Micić et al, 2021), 10.01%-16.20% (Elyemni et al, 2022), 7.05%-31.50% (Rathore et al, 2022), 29.46%-31.92% (Yeddes et al, 2022), 18.26% (Karakaş and Bekler, 2022). Similar to what we detected in our study, Afshar et al (2021) reported that camphor content decreased from spring (8.19%) to summer (6.95%).…”

“…Pre-flowering resulted in the highest essential oil content (1.68%) which was 16% and 20% higher than mid-flowering and post-flowering, respectively (Figure 2). When comparing these essential oil content findings with the earlier studies, diverse results were found, such as 2.73%-3.30% (Dzięcioł, 2021), 0.72%-1.73% (Afshar et al, 2021), 1.25%-1.38% (Oualdi et al, 2021), 1.5% (Aouadi et al, 2021), 2.8% (Ouknin et al, 2021), 0.5% (Karadağ et al, 2022), 1.35% (Elyemni et al, 2022), 1.35%-1.60% (Xylia et al, 2022). In Southern Iran, Afshar et al (2021) reported that rosemary essential oil content began to increase in August and peaked (1.73%) at the beginning of the cold season (November), and following that the accumulation of essential oil production gradually decreased, reaching its lowest point in February (0.72%).…”

“…The highest values for the limonene content were obtained in the pre-flowering stage (6.23%). Limonene content in the previous studies was found different; 0.19% (Golami et al, 2018), 21.99% (Borges et al, 2018), 2.1-2.8% (Verma et al, 2020), 3.97%-4.44% (Afshar et al, 2021), 0.84% (Amina et al, 2022), 0.37%-0.92% (Elyemni et al, 2022). Different stages of the plant life cycle reveal that rosemary essential oil is important in terms of chemical composition.…”

“…Similar to the camphor content, the highest values for the 1.8-cineole content were obtained in the pre-flowering stage (22.61%). When compared the 1.8-cineole content with the earlier studies, diverse results were found, such as 6.19%-10.52% (Gürbüz et al, 2017), 41.25%-45.96% (Yıldırım, 2018), 37.50% (Khanjani et al, 2021), 10.81% (Xylia et al, 2021), 17.79%-23.40% (Micić et al, 2021), 26.40%-49.10% (Flamini et al, 2021), 40.10% (Christopoulou et al, 2021, 30.89%-31.61% (Dzięcioł, 2021), 28.97%-32.18% (Elyemni et al, 2022), 32.50%-51.79% (Rathore et al, 2022), 30.26% (Mwithiga et al, 2022), 25.26%-29.15% (Yeddes et al, 2022), 11.86% (Karakaş and Bekler, 2022).…”

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antibiofilm Activities of Backhousia citriodora Essential Oil

“…Previous studies showed that the antibacterial activities of EOs from different plant species were mainly associated with their chemical compositions, especially oxygenated monoterpenes, which usually occur in high amounts [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. In the present study, the results obtained for antibacterial activity correspond with the great antioxidant activity of BCEO.…”