Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil ofCalamintha nepeta(L.) Savi ssp.glandulosa(Req.) P.W. Ball from Montenegro

Essential Oils of TwoCalamintha glandulosa(Req.) Bentham chemotypes in a Wild Population from Zakynthos, Greece

“…The reported limonene contents for C. glandulosa oils rich in piperitone oxide and piperitenone oxide range from 0.7% to 13.0% (9-12) and for those rich in pulegone and menthone range from 1.0% to 6.0% (2,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). A high limonene content has also been reported for two C. sylvatica oils (17.0% limonene/ 57% piperitenone oxide; 14) and (16.4% limonene/ 52.7% piperitone oxide; 24).…”

“…P. W. Ball, C. officinalis Moench, C. byzantina C. Koch, C. spruneri Boiss., Melissa calamintha L., Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele], which grows wild in N.W. Africa and S. Europe, with a distribution range extending to the Crimea and the Caucasus in the East (29)(30)(31), two types of oil can be distinguished from the compositions reported in the literature for wild C. glandulosa populations, one with a predominance of piperitone oxide and/or piperitenone oxide (9-12) and a second with pulegone or menthone as the major constituent and isomenthone, menthol and its isomers, piperitenone and piperitone oxide and piperitenone oxide as other main constituents (2,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

“…Recently, Calamintha essential oils have been reported to have antimicrobial activity (2)(3)(4), antifungal activity (5) and preservative properties in cosmetic products (6). Calamintha plant extracts also have antioxidant properties (7) and demonstrate hypoglycaemic effects in rats (8).…”

Essential Oil Extraction, Chemical Analysis and Anti-Candida Activity of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) Ball—New Approaches

“…Thus, CN is well-known for its medicinal uses as a stimulant, tonic, antiseptic and antispasmodic [11,12,13,14]. The chemical composition of its EO (TEOCG) has been thoroughly investigated [11,12,13,15,16,17,18], as well as its antioxidant [19,20], antimicrobial [14,21,22,23] and anti-inflammatory activities [14]. In the traditional medicine of different countries in the world, CN has also been widely used against insomnia, depression, convulsion and cramps [24] and for the treatment of respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases [14].…”

“…The first and most popular chemotype is characterized by pulegone (PUL) as a major component, associated with menthone (MEN). It has been found wild in Italy [21,26], France [11], Turkey [12,13,14], Croatia [27] and Montenegro [22]. The second type is still characterized by PUL as a major component but associated with piperitenone.…”