Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from China and Myanmar

Abstract

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. is a widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat fever, flu, stomachache, traumatic injury, and mosquito bite in tropical and subtropical Asia. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and larvicidal activities of its fruit essential oil. The essential oil sample from China (EOZC) was mainly composed of limonene (29.78%) and β-myrcene (26.65%), while the sample from Myanmar (EOZM) was dominated by Terpinen-4-ol (43.35%). Both essential oils showed antifungal activity, with 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values ranging from 26.3 to 499 μg/mL. By obviously inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, EOZC (IC50, 16 μg/mL) showed comparable anti-inflammatory activity to the positive control L-NMMA (IC50, 12.2 μg/mL). EOZM showed significant antiviral activity against the dengue virus with an IC50 value of 13 μg/mL. Additionally, both EOZC and EOZM demonstrated dose-dependent larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus, with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 45.8 to 144.0 μg/mL. Our results contribute a theoretical foundation for the further application of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry and further indicate that it has the potential to be developed as a new source of natural and eco-friendly medicine for the prevention and treatment of dengue virus.

Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial, Nitric Oxide Inhibition and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Leaves and Stems from Vietnam

“…These results add to the knowledge of the antimicrobial activity of Z. acanthopodium, previously reported for fruit essential oils, [10,29] fruit methanol extract, [17] and leaf extracts. [42] The present results about ZACL further elucidate the essential oil's role as contributing antibacterial and antifungal agents in the leaves.…”

“…Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. is a plant that belongs to the genus Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) and grows mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia, such as China, Myanmar, Indonesia, India, and Vietnam [8–10] . The plant parts were used by local people as a spice and traditional medicine to treat fever, flu, colic, diarrhea, stomachache, toothache, injury, and insect stings [9,10] .…”

“…[8][9][10] The plant parts were used by local people as a spice and traditional medicine to treat fever, flu, colic, diarrhea, stomachache, toothache, injury, and insect stings. [9,10] Previous studies have shown that Z. acanthopodium has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, [9,11,12] liver and kidney protective, [13,14] and antidiabetic properties. [15,16] Its fruit extracts also exhibit cytotoxic effects against murine P388 leukemia cells, [17] breast cancer cells (T47D and 4T1), and cervical cancer cells (HeLa).…”

“…[26][27][28] The essential oil of its fruits obtained from India, Indonesia, China, and Myanmar had been investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and larvicidal activities. [10,[29][30][31] Terpenoids are known to be the main constituent of the essential oil from its leaves collected in India [32] and from the aerial parts of the plant in China. [33] However, the biological activities of the essential oils from the leaves and stems of this plant have been poorly studied, while the essential oils from the leaves and other parts of the species Z. armatum of the same genus have been extensively studied with many remarkable activity.…”

Neuroprotection by Skimmianine in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV-2 Microglia

“…The similarity between our results and those reported by Yoon et al appears to suggest that plants belonging to the Rutaceae family may contain a number of biologically active constituents which warrant investigation as potential neuroprotective natural products. Interestingly, plants in the Rutaceae family such as Citrus aurantium , Citrus medica , Citrus medica , Citrus sinensis , Ruta chalepensis , Ruta graveolens , Zanthoxylum acanthopodium , Zanthoxylum bungeanum , and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides have been reported to produce anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro [ 14 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”