Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Premna angolensis and Premna quadrifolia, Two Lamiaceae from Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

This study was conducted with the objective of contributing to the valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants of Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oil (EO) of the leaves of two species of Premna, P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia obtained through steam distillation process, were analized through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and their antimicrobial activities was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The yields of EO extracted from the leaves of P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia are respectively 0.10 ± 0.02% and 0.40 ± 0.02%. 99.43% of the total chemical composition of the EO of P. angolensis leaves, are composed mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (71.90%) followed by oxygenates (14.16%) and monoterpenes (13.22%). The main compounds found are β-caryophyllene (33.07%) and Humulene (10.78%). The EO of P. quadrifofia leaves, 99.59% of the composition was identified. It contains hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (89.15%), followed by oxygenates compounds (8.61%) and monoterpenes (1.83%). The major compounds are αbulnesene (23.33%), germacrene D (18.83%) and caryophyllene (18.06%). The antimicrobial tests have shown that EO of P. quadrifolia leaves has no activites on studied strains and P. angolensis oil has a mild activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsielle pneumoneae and a weak sensibility on Staphylococcus aureus CIP 4.83 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. This study highlights chemical composition of the EO from P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia leaves. It shows more similarities of the chemical compositions of these two species of Premna and the interesting antimicrobial activity potential of P. angolensis EO

Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Selected Medicinal Plant Species From Genus Premna and Their Immunomodulatory Potentials

“…Most Premna species are small trees or shrubs, rarely vines [29,33,45]. Many species have a series of small (usually<1.5 cm) intersecting triangular scales at the base of young branches.…”

“…The crest is often present between the petioles and is sometimes confused with the stigma between the petioles. The leaves are hairy [29,45].…”

“…An example of a medicinal plant with many benefits belongs to the genus Premna from Lamiaceae [28]. Genus Premna has more than 200 species and is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands [29][30][31]. Premna is rich in phytochemical constituents such as essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, diterpenoids and xanthones [28,30,32].…”