Chemical composition analysis, antioxidant activity, and target cell‐based screening of the potential active components in jujube and its fermented product

Abstract

In this study, the chemical constituents of jujube and jujube fermentation broth were compared by chromatography tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the first time. A total of 68 compounds were detected, and six of them were quantified. The results showed that rutin was hydrolyzed and converted into quercetin during the fermentation process. Further, the antioxidant experiments in vitro were carried out, and the IC50 value of the fermentation broth was lower than that of the jujube extract. Twenty‐three potential bioactive components from jujube samples were identified by a target cell‐based screening method, and triterpenic acid compounds exhibited high cell binding property. These results will help to understand the different biological activities of jujube and its fermented products and will benefit the discovery of new functional components.

A Chinese classical prescription Maimendong decoction in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: an overview

“…The study found that MMDD contains flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and other compounds, among which flavonoids mainly come from ophiopogonis , glycyrrhiza , and jujuba ; Terpenoids are mainly derived from ginseng, glycyrrhiza , jujuba , and oryza sativa ; steroid compounds are mainly derived from ophiopogonis ; phenylpropanoid compounds are mainly from pinellia , oryza sativa , glycyrrhiza and jujuba ( Yang et al, 2020 ). The active ingredients in MMDD for treating PF encompass flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids ( Ren et al, 2022 ). These include ophiopogonin C, ophiopogonin D, baicalin, baicalein, ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rg1, glycyrrhizic acid, licochalcone A, isoliquiritigenin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and quercetin ( Table 2 ), primarily sourced from ophiopogonis, pinellia, ginseng, glycyrrhiza and jujuba .…”

Effects of Fermentation on Bioactivity and the Composition of Polyphenols Contained in Polyphenol-Rich Foods: A Review

“…But in fact, quercetin shows stronger antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and an ability to protect the liver [27]. In the fermentation process of sourdough bread [24], black tartary buckwheat [28], jujubes [29] and other foods, rutin and isoquercitrin are all hydrolyzed to quercetin. Moreover, for example, glucosides such as glycitin, daidzin and genistin, which soybeans are rich in, decrease significantly after fermentation, and correspondingly, aglycones such as daidzein, glycitein and genistein increase significantly.…”

Polyphenol Extracts from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. “Junzao” Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis by Inhibiting the NLRP3 and MAPKs Signaling Pathways and Regulating Gut Microbiota Homeostasis in Mice

“…fruit, as a medicinal and food‐related fruit, is mostly grown in Europe and Asia, particularly in China, and the annual production of jujube fruit accounts for more than 90% of total global production. [ 6 ] Moreover, the jujube fruit is rich in many nutrients and bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, fatty acids, polyphenols, dietary fiber, nucleotides, and alkaloids. [ 6 ] These nutrients and bioactive substances play important anticancer, [ 7 ] anti‐inflammatory, [ 8 ] antioxidant, [ 9 ] antibacterial, [ 10 ] and antiviral roles.…”

“…[ 6 ] Moreover, the jujube fruit is rich in many nutrients and bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, fatty acids, polyphenols, dietary fiber, nucleotides, and alkaloids. [ 6 ] These nutrients and bioactive substances play important anticancer, [ 7 ] anti‐inflammatory, [ 8 ] antioxidant, [ 9 ] antibacterial, [ 10 ] and antiviral roles. [ 11 ] The typical daily consumption of polyphenols in the human diet amounts to more than 1 g day −1 , and its concentration in the digestive system can reach up to hundreds of micromoles.…”