Chemical characterization, toxicity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Hymenaea courbaril L. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Abstract

This study evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and toxicity activity of essential oils (EOs) of Hymenaea courbaril L. var. courbaril bark and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels leaves. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ABTS and DPPH assay were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. For the toxicity assay, lethality was evaluated against Artemia salina Leach. For the antimicrobial assay, the method of Disc Diffusion and Dilution in Broth was applied to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal. The major constituent of the EO of H. courbaril was β-ocimene (23.33%) and the EO of S. cumini was isocaryophyllene (18.01%). Both OE showed relevant antioxidant activity and low toxicity against Artemia salina. The EOs showed bactericidal activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., B. cereus and P. mirabilis. The results obtained are encouraged by the potential use of the OE's studied in the control and fight of pathogenic microorganisms.

Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial Activity and Modulating Effect of Essential Oil from Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

“…Other researches have registered inhibitory and bactericidal activity of the EOSC against S. aureus [ 35 ], the species was also susceptible to the extract of the seeds of S. cumini [ 36 ]. Against E. coli, the EOSC showed low inhibition when tested previously [ 37 ].…”

In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation of the Essential Oil from Syzigium cumini Leaves as a Source of Novel Antifungal and Trichomonacidal Agents

“…The preference for treatments using S. cumini is acceptable given its proven low toxicity, as evidenced in the studies by Everton et al [36] and Everton et al [33]. These studies found that EOSC does not exhibit significant toxicity towards the model organism Artemia salina.…”

“…Antimicrobial activity has been reported in the essential oil of S. cumini leaves, tested against clinically relevant bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. These factors highlight the importance of S. cumini in medicine and pharmaceutical research as a product with potential to provide therapeutic benefits [33].…”

Bioactive coating of sodium alginate and agar added with essential oils of thyme (thymus vulgaris l.) and sweet orange (citrus aurantium var. dulcis) with antimicrobial properties applied over strawberries

“…The studies of Everton et al 25 demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of Citrus sinensis essential oil due to the efficacy of its main component, d-limonene, in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus by the Disc Diffusion Method. Together with the components of thyme essential oil they form good barriers against microorganisms.…”