Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (<i>Panthera leo</i>) and a clouded leopard (<i>Neofelis nebulosa</i>)

Senda, Akitsugu; Hatakeyama, Emi; Kobayashi, Rui; Fukuda, Kenji; Uemura, Yusuke; Saito, Tadao; Packer, Craig; Oftedal, Olav T.; Urashima, Tadasu

doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00787.x

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge this is the only milk oligosaccharide that has been reported having such a composition but it is not commonly found. To date it has only been reported in the milks of polar bear [20], lion [34], leopard [34], minke whale [35] and skunk [36] and as a minor component in the milk of humans having blood group A [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Oligosaccharides over Time of Lactation from Different Dog Breeds

et al. 2014

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The partnership of humans and dogs goes back to over 10'000 years, yet relatively little is known about a dog's first extra-uterine nutrition particularly when it comes to milk oligosaccharides. We set out to identify and quantify milk oligosaccharides over the course of lactation from different dog breeds (Labrador retriever, Schnauzer and 3 Alaskan husky crossbreeds). To this end, 2 different chromatographic methods with fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection were developed and one was validated for quantification. Besides lactose and lactose-sulphate, we identified 2 different trisaccharides composed of 3 hexose units, 3′sialyllactose (3′SL), 6′sialyllactose (6′SL), 2′fucosyllactose (2′FL), and a tetrasaccharide composed of 2 hexoses, an N-acetylhexosamine and a deoxyhexose. 3′SL was present at the highest levels in milk of all dog breeds starting at around 7.5 g/L and dropping to about 1.5 g/L in the first 10 days of lactation. 6′SL was about 10 times less abundant and 2′FL and the tetrasaccharide had rather varying levels in the milk of the different breeds with the tetrasaccharide only detectable in the Alaskan husky crossbreeds. The longitudinal and quantitative data of milk oligosaccharides from different dog breeds are an important basis to further our understanding on their specific biological roles and also on the specific nutritional requirements of lactating puppies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Oligosaccharides over Time of Lactation from Different Dog Breeds

et al. 2014

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“…According to this model, oligosaccharides are incompletely digested, which would limit their use as metabolic substrates by the young, as we propose. However, it is now evident that oligosaccharides are important in the milks of a wide range of nonhuman mammals, including monotremes, marsupials, afrotherians, xenarthrans, carnivores, and primates (Kunz et al 1999;Messer and Urashima 2002;Urashima et al 2005Urashima et al , 2008Urashima et al , 2009Uemura et al 2006Osthoff et al 2008;Senda et al 2010;Taufik et al 2012). In some taxa-such as monotremes, marsupials, and many eutherian carnivores-oligosaccharides represent a large proportion of the energy in the milk at a time when the young consume no other foods and have very limited exposure to pathogens (e.g., during the prolonged period of teat attachment in marsupials), and it is therefore plausible that oligosaccharides fulfill a nutritive rather than an exclusively antibacterial role.…”

Section: The Types Of Sugars In Phocid Milks and The Effect On Analytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Composition in the Weddell SealLeptonychotes weddellii: Evidence for a Functional Role of Milk Carbohydrates in Pinnipeds

Eisert¹,

Oftedal²,

Barrell³

2013

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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We propose that secretion of milk sugar has important consequences for the metabolic economies of lactating phocid seals and their pups. Milk was collected from 21 Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, and assayed by standard methods. Milk composition changed over the course of lactation, but at mid- to late lactation (16-40 d postpartum), Weddell seal milk composition was relatively constant at 33.8% +/- 0.82% water, 54.0% +/- 0.80% fat, 10.1% +/- 0.16% crude protein, 0.84% +/- 0.03% sugar, 0.75% +/- 0.02% ash, and 23.3 +/- 0.3 kJ g−1 whole milk (WM). At this stage, milk composition varied among individual seals in all assayed constituents except ash. The concentration of sugar in the aqueous phase of Weddell seal milk ( 24.9 +/- 0.6g sugar L−1 water) was ca. 44%-77% of levels found in terrestrial carnivores, indicating that the low sugar concentration of WM is primarily due to its high fat content, not alteration of the aqueous phase. In early lactation, fasting Weddell seals were estimated to devote 39 g d(-1) glucose to milk sugar synthesis, an amount similar to the estimated demand of the maternal brain. This additional glucose demand must be covered by gluconeogenesis in fasting animals and represents a considerable additional drain on maternal resources. However, provision of sugar to offspring at rates sufficient to meet neonatal substrate requirements appears to be essential for efficient fat and protein deposition and thus may be an important component of the phocid reproductive strategy of rapid growth and early weaning.

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“…In contrast, 2′‐FL is either absent or present in low amounts in bovine and murine milk but appears early in mammalian phylogeny in monotremes. Table shows a summary of small molecular weight fucosylated oligosaccharides found in milk from different subclasses of mammals. At least three factors have to be taken into account when considering the data in this table: ) in most cases only a few samples of animal milk per species or subspecies have been analyzed; 2) it is unknown if the oligosaccharide repertoires in non‐human animals are as susceptible to individual variation as oligosaccharide profiles in human milk; and 3) different analytical methods have been used to determine oligosaccharide content in non‐human milk.…”

Section: Presence Of 2′‐fl In Non‐human Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2′-fucosyllactose: an abundant, genetically determined soluble glycan present in human milk

2013

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Lactose is the preeminent soluble glycan in milk and a significant source of energy for most newborn mammals. Elongation of lactose with additional monosaccharides gives rise to a varied repertoire of free soluble glycans such as 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), which is the most abundant oligosaccharide in human milk. In infants, 2'-FL is resistant to digestion and reaches the colon where it is partially fermented, behaving as soluble prebiotic fiber. Evidence also suggests that portions of small soluble milk glycans, including 2'-FL, are absorbed, thus raising the possibility of systemic biological effects. 2'-FL bears an epitope of the Secretor histo-blood group system; approximately 70-80% of all milk samples contain 2'-FL, since its synthesis depends on a fucosyltransferase that is not uniformly expressed. The fact that some infants are not exposed to 2'-FL has helped researchers to retrospectively probe for biological activities of this glycan. This review summarizes the attributes of 2'-FL in terms of its occurrence in mammalian phylogeny, its postulated biological activities, and its variability in human milk.

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Chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an African lion (Panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Milk Oligosaccharides over Time of Lactation from Different Dog Breeds

Milk Oligosaccharides over Time of Lactation from Different Dog Breeds

Milk Composition in the Weddell SealLeptonychotes weddellii: Evidence for a Functional Role of Milk Carbohydrates in Pinnipeds

2′-fucosyllactose: an abundant, genetically determined soluble glycan present in human milk

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