Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance

Merali, Zara; Marjamaa, Kaisa; Käsper, Andres; Kruus, Kristiina; Gunning, A. Patrick; Morris, V. J.; Waldron, Keith W.

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.108

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The composition of WS used in this study, as well as comparison to other WSs, is listed in Table 1 . The three types of WSs displayed different compositions, and the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose in WS reported by Constant 35 (2016) and Merali 36 (2016) were higher than those of WS in this study. The differences in WS composition may be attributable to variations in geographical location, local temperature, and heterogeneity of feedstock of the WS samples 37 .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…However, comparison of different concentrations of H 2 SO 4 , NaOH and hot water pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of WS was not been well investigated yet. Furthermore, variations of compositions like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of WS from different locations were observed 34 – 36 , Hence, more work is needed to develop better pretreatment approaches for enzymatic hydrolysis of WS. Development of optimized means for conversion of WS in production of sugar may potentially have enormous economic benefits and environment impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

Zheng

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

138

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Wheat straw (WS) is a potential biomass for production of monomeric sugars. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio of cellulose in WS is relatively low due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose. To enhance the enzymatic conversion of WS, we tested the impact of three different pretreatments, e.g. sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hot water pretreatments to the enzymatic digestions. Among the three pretreatments, the highest cellulose conversion rate was obtained with the 4% NaOH pretreatment at 121 °C (87.2%). In addition, NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2SO4 pretreatment efficiently removed hemicellulose. To investigate results of pretreated process for enhancement of enzyme-hydolysis to the WS, we used scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze structural changes of raw and treated materials. The structural analysis indicated that after H2SO4 and NaOH pretreatments, most of the amorphous cellulose and partial crystalline cellulose were hydrolyzed during enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings of the present study indicate that WS could be ideal materials for production of monomeric sugars with proper pretreatments and effective enzymatic base hydrolysis.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

Zheng

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

138

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“…It has been reported that AXs in rye are part of the cell wall material and they are bound covalently and non-covalently to other cell wall materials such as proteins, cellulose or lignin [135,136]. In contrast, AXs in wheat are loosely bound to the surface of the cell wall [38,137]. Sasaki [138] suggested that the difference in water extractability of AXs in cereals is due to the degree of cross-linking with other cell wall materials.…”

Section: Axs Solubility In Some Cereals and Cereal By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans

Fadel

Mahmoud

Ashworth

et al. 2018

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of β-(1-4)-linked xylose residues to which α-l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have been used to increase the extractability of AXs with varying degrees of success, such as alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs.

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“…It has been reported that AXs in rye are part of the CWM and they are bound covalently and non-covalently to other CWMs such as proteins, cellulose or lignin. In contrast, AXs in wheat are loosely bound to the surface of the cell wall (Merali et al, 2016). Sasaki et al (2000) suggested that the difference in water extractability of AXs in cereals is due to the degree of cross-linking with other CWMs.…”

Section: Arabinoxylans (Axs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat immunomodulatory potentials: a review article

Fadel

Plunkett

et al. 2018

NFS

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to discuss recent research on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat byproducts and their immunomodulatory potentials. Also, a potential receptor for arabinoxylans is proposed in relation to arabinoxylans structure. Design/methodology/approach This review summarises recent publications on arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat, classification of arabinoxylans, a brief background on their method of extraction and their immunomodulatory potentials as they induce pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. The mechanism of action in which arabinoxylans modulate the immune activity is yet to be discovered, However, the authors have proposed a potential receptor for arabinoxylans in relation to arabinoxylans structure and molecular weight. Findings The effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on the immune response was found to cause a pro-inflammatory response in vitro, in vivo and in humans. Also, the immune response depends on arabinoxylans structure, the degree of branching and origin. Originality/value This review paper focuses on the effects of arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat on immunomodulatory potentials in vitro, in vivo and in humans. A new mechanism of action has been proposed based on the literature and via linking between arabinoxylans and lipopolysaccharide structure, molecular weight and suggested proposed receptor, which might be activated via both of them.

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Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

Pretreatment of wheat straw leads to structural changes and improved enzymatic hydrolysis

Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans

Arabinoxylans from rice bran and wheat immunomodulatory potentials: a review article

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