Chemical characterization of fog and rain water collected at the eastern Andes cordillera

Beiderwieden, E.; Wrzesinsky, Thomas; Klemm, Otto

doi:10.5194/hess-9-185-2005

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nutrient budgets will likely look different if all input pathways can be included in the budget calculation. The budgets for NO 3 and SO 4 for example, both of which are found in much higher concentrations in fog than in rain in our study area (Beiderwieden et al 2005) might change if significant amounts of fog water contribute to total precipitation. Values for fog water contribution in cloud forests range from 3% (Hafkenscheid et al 2001) and 9% of total precipitation (Ataroff 2001, Ataroff & Rada 2000 to 16% (Eugster et al 2006) and 20% or even more , Bruijnzeel 2004.…”

Section: Input-output Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

2011

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Abstract:To improve our knowledge of the influence of land-use on solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments we investigated total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO 3 and SO 4 concentrations during April 2007-May 2008 at different flow conditions and over time in six forested and pasture-dominated headwaters (0.7-76 km 2 ) in Ecuador. NO 3 and SO 4 concentrations decreased during the study period, with a continual decrease in NO 3 and an abrupt decrease in February 2008 for SO 4 . We attribute this to changing weather regimes connected to a weakening La Niña event. Stream Na concentration decreased in all catchments, and Mg and Ca concentration decreased in all but the forested catchments during storm flow. Under all land-uses TOC increased at high flows. The differences in solute behaviour during storm flow might be attributed to largely shallow subsurface and surface flow paths in pasture streams on the one hand, and a predominant origin of storm flow from the organic layer in the forested streams on the other hand. Nutrient export rates in the forested streams were comparable to the values found in literature for tropical streams. They amounted to 6-8 kg ha for SO 4 . Our data contradict the assumption that nutrient export increases with the loss of forest cover. For NO 3 we observed a positive correlation of export value and percentage forest cover.

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Section: Input-output Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

2011

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“…At higher altitudes (2825 m a.s.l. ), the chemical signature of precipitation was reconstructed using historical information collected between 2003 and 2005 by Beiderwieden et al () and Rollenbeck et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evaluation of the runoff processes in a remote montane cloud forest basin using Mixing Model Analysis and Mean Transit Time

Crespo

Bücker

Feyen

et al. 2012

Hydrological Processes

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In this study, the Mean Transit Time and Mixing Model Analysis methods are combined to unravel the runoff generation process of the San Francisco River basin (73.5 km2) situated on the Amazonian side of the Cordillera Real in the southernmost Andes of Ecuador. The montane basin is covered with cloud forest, sub‐páramo, pasture and ferns. Nested sampling was applied for the collection of streamwater samples and discharge measurements in the main tributaries and outlet of the basin, and for the collection of soil and rock water samples. Weekly to biweekly water grab samples were taken at all stations in the period April 2007–November 2008. Hydrometric data, Mean Transit Time and Mixing Model Analysis allowed preliminary evaluation of the processes controlling the runoff in the San Francisco River basin. Results suggest that flow during dry conditions mainly consists of lateral flow through the C‐horizon and cracks in the top weathered bedrock layer, and that all subcatchments have an important contribution of this deep water to runoff, no matter whether pristine or deforested. During normal to low precipitation intensities, when antecedent soil moisture conditions favour water infiltration, vertical flow paths to deeper soil horizons with subsequent lateral subsurface flow contribute most to streamflow. Under wet conditions in forested catchments, streamflow is controlled by near surface lateral flow through the organic horizon. Exceptionally, saturation excess overland flow occurs. By absence of the litter layer in pasture, streamflow under wet conditions originates from the A horizon, and overland flow. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The entrapment (interception gain) of fog and its importance for water yield is well documented and accepted outside New Zealand (eg Bruijnzeel 2001; Olivier and Rautenbach 2002; Beiederwieden et al . 2005) but its role has been a source of controversy here (Holdsworth and Mark 1990).…”

Section: Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing water yield with indigenous non-forest vegetation: a New Zealand perspective

Mark

Dickinson

2008

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment

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Provision of clean freshwater is an essential ecosystem service that is under increasing pressure worldwide from a variety of conflicting demands. Water yields differ in relation to land‐cover type. Successful resource management therefore requires accurate information on yields from alternative vegetation types to adequately address concerns regarding water production. Of particular importance are upper watersheds/catchments, regardless of where water is extracted. Research in New Zealand has shown that, when in good condition, indigenous tall tussock grasslands can maximize water yield relative to other vegetation cover types. A long‐term hydrological paired‐catchment study revealed reductions (up to 41% after 22 years) in water yielded annually from an afforested catchment relative to adjacent indigenous grassland. Furthermore, a stable isotope assessment showed that water from fog may substantially contribute to yield in upland tussock grasslands. The tall tussock life‐form and its leaf anatomy and physiology, which minimize transpiration loss, appear to be the differentiating factors. Thus, maintaining dominance of such cover is important for water production, especially in upland catchments. Ecological analogues and integrated land‐use planning are discussed in the context of this essential ecosystem service. Water management programs in other countries are reviewed and that of South Africa is commended as a model.

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Chemical characterization of fog and rain water collected at the eastern Andes cordillera

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses

Preliminary evaluation of the runoff processes in a remote montane cloud forest basin using Mixing Model Analysis and Mean Transit Time

Maximizing water yield with indigenous non-forest vegetation: a New Zealand perspective

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