Chemical Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from the Fireplace Combustion of Wood Types Grown in the Midwestern and Western United States

Fine, Philip M.; Cass, Glen R.; Simoneit, Bernd R.T.

doi:10.1089/109287504323067021

Cited by 304 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, these compounds were emitted in larger amounts by the woodstove with hot start and by the fireplace with cold start (Table 6). As expected, levoglucosan, a specific marker for wood combustion in ambient PM samples (Fine et al, 2004a;Schmidl et al, 2008a), was the most abundant organic compound (Table 6). The global amounts of anhydrosugars were generically higher in the smoke resulting from experiments with hot start than those obtained at lower combustion temperatures.…”

Section: Woodstovesupporting

confidence: 80%

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Gonçalves

Alves

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Atmospheric Environment

109

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study is the further characterisation of PM 2.5 emissions from the residential wood combustion of common woods grown in Portugal. This new research extends to eight the number of biomass fuels studied and tries to understand the differences that the burning appliance (fireplace versus woodstove) and the combustion temperature (cold and hot start) have on emissions. Pinus pinaster (Maritime pine), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt), Quercus suber (cork oak), Acacia longifolia (Golden wattle), Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak), Olea europea (Olive), Quercus ilex rotundifolia (Holm oak) and briquettes produced from forest biomass waste were used in the combustion tests. Determinations included fine particle emission factors, carbonaceous content (OC and EC) by a thermaleoptical transmission technique and detailed identification and quantification of organic compounds by gas chromatographyemass spectrometry. Fine particle emission factors from the woodstove were lower than those from the fireplace. For both combustion appliances, the OC/EC ratio was higher in "cold start" tests (1.56 AE 0.95 for woodstove and 2.03 AE 1.34 for fireplace). These "cold start" OC/EC values were, respectively, for the woodstove and the fireplace, 51% and 69% higher than those obtained in "hot start" experiments. The chromatographically resolved organics included n-alkanes, n-alkenes, PAHs, n-alkanals, ketones, n-alkanols, terpenoids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, alcohols, n-alkanoic acids, n-di-acids, unsaturated acids and alkyl esters of acids. The smoke emission rate and composition varied widely depending on fuel type, burning appliance and combustion temperature.

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Section: Woodstovesupporting

confidence: 80%

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Gonçalves

Alves

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Atmospheric Environment

109

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“…A complete set of emission factors of the prevalent chemical species found in wood smoke throughout the United States has been provided. 38,39 Because these wood samples were collected in direct emissions from residential fireplaces, the longterm atmospheric stability of some of these products remains to be evaluated.…”

Section: Polycyclic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sources include emissions from diesel trucks, gasoline-powered vehicles, vegetative detritus, meat cooking, road dust, cigarette smoking, wood combustion, and coal combustion. Source chemical profiles are also currently established for combustion of specific types of plant material, 36,37,39,188 burning of foliar fuels, 189 emissions from prescribed burning fires, 190 and natural, uncontrolled wildfires. 191 Source profiles for cooking emissions have also been developed for meat charbroiling and seed-oil cooking.…”

Section: Cmb Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Lin

Lee

Eatough

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fine particulate matter is believed to be more toxic than coarse particles and to exacerbate health problems such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific organic compounds within atmospheric fine particulate material can be used to differentiate specific inputs from various emissions and thus is helpful in identifying the major urban air pollution sources that contribute to these health problems. Particular marker compounds that carry signature information about different emission sources (i.e., gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, wood smoke, meat cooking, vegetative detritus, and cigarette smoke) are reviewed. Aerosol organic types (e.g., from mass spectrometry data, which can also help in elucidation of carbonaceous material sources) are also discussed. Apportionment of the primary source contributions and atmospheric processes contributing to fine particulate matter and fine particulate organic material concentrations are outlined. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in chemical characterization approaches for identification and quantification of compounds in complex organic mixtures associated with fine atmospheric particles and their use in chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment models.

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“…A wide range of levoglucosan-to-OC emission ratios has been reported for various types of softwood and hardwood (Fine et al, 2001(Fine et al, , 2002a(Fine et al, , 2002b(Fine et al, , 2004Mazzolini et al, 2007;Simoneit et al, 1999), typically for US tree types, using US appliances. For example, Fine et al (2002b) found a levoglucosan-to-OC emission ratio of 14±2% (PM 2.5 ) for ten regions covering the entire US, when normalizing with respect to local tree types and appliances used.…”

Section: Estimates Of Oc From Wood Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous aerosols in Norwegian urban areas

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Little is known regarding levels and source strength of carbonaceous aerosols in Scandinavia. In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), waterinsoluble organic carbon (WINSOC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are reported for a curbside site, an urban background site, and a suburban site in Norway in order to investigate their spatial and seasonal variations. Aerosol filter samples were collected using tandem filter sampling to correct for the positive sampling artefact introduced by volatile and semivolatile OC. Analyses were performed using the thermal optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., which corrects for charring during analysis. Finally, we estimated the relative contribution of OC from wood burning based on the samples content of levoglucosan.Levels of EC varied by more than one order of magnitude between sites, likely due to the higher impact of vehicular traffic at the curbside and the urban background sites. In winter, the level of particulate organic carbon (OC p ) at the suburban site was equal to (for PM 10 ) or even higher (for PM 2.5 ) than the levels observed at the curbside and the urban background sites. This finding was attributed to the impact of residential wood burning at the suburban site in winter, which was confirmed by a high mean concentration of levoglucosan (407 ng m −3 ). This finding indicates that exposure to primary combustion derived OC p could be equally high in residential areas as in a city center. It is demonstrated that OC p from wood burning (OC wood ) accounted for almost all OC p at the suburban site in winter, allowing a new estimate of the ratio TC p /levoglucosan for both PM 10 and PM 2.5 . Particulate carbonaceous material (PCM=Organic matter+Elemental matter) accounted for 46-83% of PM 10 at the sites studied, thus being the major fraction.

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Chemical Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from the Fireplace Combustion of Wood Types Grown in the Midwestern and Western United States

Cited by 304 publications

References 34 publications

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Carbonaceous aerosols in Norwegian urban areas

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