Chemical Characterization of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Collagen Hydrolyzed Using Enzyme Preparation Derived from Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and Its Potential as a Core Component of Bacterial Culture Medium

Abstract

The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) processing wastes are massive and unutilized in the Murmansk region of Russia. The samples of skin-containing waste of Atlantic cod fillets production were hydrolyzed using enzyme preparations derived from red king crab hepatopancreases, porcine pancreases, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The activity of enzymes from crab hepatopancreases was significantly higher than the activity of enzymes derived from other sources. The optimal conditions of the hydrolysis process have been figured out. The samples of cod processing waste hydrolysate were analyzed for amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution. The samples of hydrolysate were used as core components for bacterial culture medium samples. The efficiency of the medium samples was tested for Escherichia coli growth rate; the most efficient sample had an efficiency of 95.3% of that of a commercially available medium based on fish meal. Substitution of medium components with those derived from industrial by-products is one of the ways to decrease a cost of a culture medium in biopharmaceutical drug production.

An Isotonic Drink containing Pacific cod (<em>Gadus macrocephalus</em>) Processing Waste Collagen Hydrolysate for Prevention of Bone and Cartilage Disorders

“…High content of amino acids makes the hydrolysate applicable as a protein food supply and a structure-forming food component due to presence of collagen fiber fragments. Collagen hydrolysate had relatively high content of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline (about 50% in total), which is typical for untreated fish collagen [26] (see Table 5). Trace content of tryptophan was mostly derived from fish muscle protein of muscle cutoffs [33,34].…”

“…The method is described in details in [26]. Briefly, the substrate solution of sodium caseinate standard (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was prepared by mixing 8 mL of 1 M NaOH, 36 g of urea, 10 mL of pre-prepared 22% sodium caseinate solution, 72 mL of distilled water, keeping that mixture at 25 °С for 30 min, and adding 10 mL of 1 M KH2PO4 and 4 g of urea.…”