Chemical characterization, neuroprotective, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibitory activities of Hypericum volatile oils

Hypericum Essential Oils—Composition and Bioactivities: An Update (2012–2022)

“…It is also estimated that the careful selection of inflorescences and leaves instead of the total aerial part also leads to higher EO yields of up to 13 v/w% using hydro-distillation [22]. Hydro-distillation is by far the most common method used to obtain EOs, which is also proposed by EMA monographs and European Pharmacopoeia; however, to date, other techniques have been introduced in order to improve the extraction efficiency and control the chemical composition of the plant material, including liquid or supercritical extraction, solid-phase microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted headspace [17,23,24]. Moreover, other biotechnological tools have been applied, such as callus culture, which produces biomass on a large scale and could be used as a good experimental system for further research on essential oil production.…”

“…Calli essential oil cultivation enabled the selection of a desired compound or group of compounds with specific aromas or activities as a response to chemical elicitors that stimulate biotic and abiotic stress in vitro [25,26]. Nevertheless, Gas Chromatography (GC) is, by all means, the 'golden standard method' in the chemical analysis of EOs, especially enforced with the aid of GC-MS (Mass Spectrometry) and GC-FID (Flame Ionization Detector) for both the identification and quantification of the content as well as the composition variations, regardless of the extraction protocol [17,[22][23][24].…”

“…empetrifolium [31], H. reflexum, H. canariense and H. grandifolium [32], H. asperulum [33], H. gaiti [34], H. pruinatum [30], H. origanifolium [35], H. laricifolium [36], H. japonicum [37], H aegypticum subdp. webii [38], H. amblyocalyx and H. jovis [39], H. hemsleyanum [40], H. hookerianum and H. bellum [24], H. rochelii and H. umbellatum [41], and H. hyssopifolium ssp. elongatum var.…”

“…EOs [17,19,20]. Since then, 71 papers have been published describing relevant research work [10,[14][15][16]18,, 34 of them referring to biological activities [20,22,24,32,34,[38][39][40][41][42]46,49,52,54,57,58,60,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]74,77,79,82,83,86] of which antiviral, antimalarial, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, tyrosinase inhibition, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, hepatoprotective, and wound-healing effects had not been tested earlier, thus later data are not described in previous reviews. As a result, we updated the latest information regarding Hypericum EOs' chemical composition and biological activities and we attempted to bridge the potential relationship between traditional uses and Hypericum EOs.…”

Outstanding Antibacterial Activity of Hypericum rochelii—Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effects of Extracts and Fractions from Four Hypericum Species Growing in Bulgaria with a Focus on Prenylated Phloroglucinols

“…The antimicrobial effect has been found in extracts and essential oils [ 31 ] from numerous other St John’s wort species (spp. ), and has been diligently described in reviews [ 24 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], e.g., H. japonicum Thunb.…”