Chemical characterization and source apportionment of size-segregated aerosol in the port-city of Venice (Italy)

Gregoris, Elena; Morabito, Elisa; Barbaro, Elena; Feltracco, Matteo; Toscano, Giuseppa; Merico, Eva; Grasso, Fabio; Cesari, Daniela; Conte, M.; Contini, Daniele; Gambaro, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2020.11.007

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In general terms, it is evident that the contribution to PM 10 is generally lower (in relative terms) compared to those to PM 2.5 , because ship emissions, being products of a combustion process, are dominated by fine and ultrafine particles. For this reason, contribution to particle number concentration (PNC) in the fine (diameter <0.3 µm) and ultrafine range (diameter <0.1 µm) was found to be 3-4 times larger than those to PM mass concentrations in some Mediterranean harbours [14][15][16].…”

Section: Contribution Of Shipping To Atmospheric Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Studying Air Quality and Health Effects of Shipping Emissions

Contini

Merico

2021

Atmosphere

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The increase of global commerce and tourism makes the shipping sector an important contributor of atmospheric particles and gaseous pollutants. These have impacts on both health and climate, especially in populated coastal areas. Maritime activities could be an important driver for economic and social development, however, they are also an environmental pressure. Several policies were implemented in the last decades, at local/regional or international levels, mainly focused on reducing the content of sulphur in marine fuels. The last international IMO-2020 regulation was enforced on 1 January 2020. This work reviews some recent studies on this topic delineating current knowledge of the impacts of maritime emissions on air quality and health and the future projections relative to the benefits of the implementation of the new IMO-2020 regulation. In addition, future perspectives for further mitigation strategies are discussed.

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Section: Contribution Of Shipping To Atmospheric Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Studying Air Quality and Health Effects of Shipping Emissions

Contini

Merico

2021

Atmosphere

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“…Looking at the ternary diagram (Figure 11), it could be seen that the particles were mixed chlorides of Na and K (mostly from Na than from K). This could suggest a natural origin, e.g., sea spray [78][79][80]. The silicate, carbonate, and mixed particles, instead, exhibited a completely different behavior: most of them were in fact distributed on the Cl-K side, with a dispersion parallel to the Na-K side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

2021

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Atmospheric aerosols are today a key issue in air pollution, mostly related to public health. Two test areas in Ferrara, one in the city center (urban location) and one in the industrial area (industrial location), were studied in June–July 2016 using the SEM technique to identify the environmental impact of some potential pollutant sources. Collection was performed using adhesive tapes applied on the surface of road signs, which allows to select particulate matter moving on air with diffusion movement and to exclude the particles usually deposed by the gravitational process. Dimensional characterization has shown that, usually, smaller particles tend to aggregate themselves in bigger polycrystalline particles with the geometric diameter of up to 10 μm. Micro-analytical data have revealed a wide heterogeneous range of compositions: more abundant silicate followed by carbonate, chlorine, sulphate, carbon, and organic. This preliminary study has highlighted that the Renaissance city of Ferrara is affected by an environmental problem linked to the presence of particulate matter induced by industrial activities, as is the case with some of the most polluted cities in the world. The observations and analytical data pointed out the need for further investigation to better define the features of the fine particulate matter. This will be useful to preserve the cultural heritage of this Medieval-Renaissance city.

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“…Relative shipping contributions of ultrafine particles (diameter < 0.3 µm) could be up to 3-4 times larger than those in mass concentrations (either PM 2.5 or PM 10 ) [31,55,105], suggesting PNC as a good parameter to add to regulated indicators of shipping impact. Available outcomes (26% and 23% in 2012 and 2014, respectively) in Brindisi were four times higher than those in Venice (6% and 7.4% in 2012 and 2018, respectively), revealing the relevant impact of logistics activities in Brindisi (i.e., vehicular traffic) and the indirect mitigation effect on PNC by the Venice Blue Flag.…”

Section: Shipping Contribution To Concentration Of Atmospheric Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Looking at Table 2, a first aspect to be considered is that the contribution to PM 10 was generally lower compared to those to PM 2.5 , despite the different methodologies used. This is due to the fine and ultrafine particles that dominate (in number) ship exhaust emissions, as a product of incomplete combustion process [105][106][107]. It should be noted that in some cases (Brindisi and Genoa), receptor models could lead to an overestimation because they are not able to discriminate between shipping and other heavy oil combustion sources with similar chemical profiles.…”

Section: Shipping Contribution To Concentration Of Atmospheric Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shipping and Air Quality in Italian Port Cities: State-of-the-Art Analysis of Available Results of Estimated Impacts

et al. 2021

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Populated coastal areas are exposed to emissions from harbour-related activities (ship traffic, loading/unloading, and internal vehicular traffic), posing public health issues and environmental pressures on climate. Due to the strategic geographical position of Italy and the high number of ports along coastlines, an increasing concern about maritime emissions from Italian harbours has been made explicit in the EU and IMO (International Maritime Organization, London, UK) agenda, also supporting the inclusion in a potential Mediterranean emission control area (MedECA). This work reviews the main available outcomes concerning shipping (and harbours’) contributions to local air quality, particularly in terms of concentration of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants (mainly nitrogen and sulphur oxides), in the main Italian hubs. Maritime emissions from literature and disaggregated emission inventories are discussed. Furthermore, estimated impacts to air quality, obtained with dispersion and receptor modeling approaches, which are the most commonly applied methodologies, are discussed. Results show a certain variability that suggests the necessity of harmonization among methods and input data in order to compare results. The analysis gives a picture of the effects of this pollution source, which could be useful for implementing effective mitigation strategies at a national level.

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Chemical characterization and source apportionment of size-segregated aerosol in the port-city of Venice (Italy)

Cited by 18 publications

References 93 publications

Recent Advances in Studying Air Quality and Health Effects of Shipping Emissions

Recent Advances in Studying Air Quality and Health Effects of Shipping Emissions

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

Shipping and Air Quality in Italian Port Cities: State-of-the-Art Analysis of Available Results of Estimated Impacts

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