Chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient nanoparticles: a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

Nghiem, Trung-Dung; Nguyen, Thị Thu Hien; Ly, Bich-Thuy; Sekiguchi, Kazuhiko; Yamaguchi, Ryosuke; Pham, Chau-Thuy; Ho, Quoc Bang; Nguyen, Minh Phuoc; Duong, Thanh Nam

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09417-5

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The contribution of transportation to PM2.5 calculated by receptor modeling was 40% from April 2001 to December 2009 (Cohen et al, 2010) and 10% from January to February 2007 (Hai and Kim Oanh, 2013). In addition, 46% of nanoparticles in Hanoi come from the transport sector (Nghiem et al, 2020). Therefore, the mobility trends during the COVID-19 social distancing period could strongly affect the air quality trend at this time, particularly CO and PM2.5 emission.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Traffic Emissions on Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Levels in Hanoi through COVID-19 Social Distancing Periods

Le¹,

Thai

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Hanoi, Vietnam, is usually ranked as one of the most polluted capital cities in terms of air quality, particularly PM2.5. However, there has not been enough data to determine the main source of this pollution. In this study, we utilized the rare opportunity of the COVID-19 social distancing to assess the contribution of traffic emission to PM2.5 and CO levels when traffic volume was reduced significantly in Hanoi. Hourly PM2.5 and CO concentrations were measured from nine urban and traffic monitoring stations during pre-, soft, hard, and post-social distancing periods. As a result, we observed large reductions in both PM2.5 and CO levels during social distancing periods. PM2.5 concentrations were 14-18% lower during the social distancing than before this period, while CO concentrations had a more considerable drop by 28-41%. It is known that meteorological conditions can have significant effects on the ambient levels of air pollutants. To overcome this challenge, weather normalized concentrations of those pollutants were estimated using the random forest model, a machine learning technique. The normalized weather concentrations showed smaller reductions by 7-10% for PM2.5 and 5-11% for CO, indicating the presence of favorable weather conditions for better air quality during the social distancing period. In further analysis, the apparent improvement of air quality in Hanoi during the social distancing period could be attributed mainly to reducing traffic emissions while emissions from coal-fired power plants remained relatively stable.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Traffic Emissions on Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Levels in Hanoi through COVID-19 Social Distancing Periods

Le¹,

Thai

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The element K, a tracer for biomass fires [53] is also 2 times higher during the wet season. Na, Al, and Fe are often produced from non-road transportation sources, particularly the re-suspension of surface dust into the atmosphere [27,54]. As described by Nghiem et al (2020) [26], to investigate the distribution of the elemental composition in Hanoi, Vietnam, the total mass concentration of trace elements in the PM0.1 fraction accounted for 1.1% ± 0.9% of the total elements, with the most abundant elements being Na, Al, K, Mg, Zn and Fe.…”

Section: Distribution Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxic elements increase both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments in humans [23][24][25]. Although they represent a small share of the total mass concentration of PM, trace elements are of particular concern because that have a health risk to humans [23,26,27]. Concerning elements, Mn, Al, and Fe are characteristically found in the crust earth, whereas Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn are resulting from anthropogenic sources [5,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Trace Element Compositions of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) in Ambient Air of Southern Thailand and Characterization of Their Sources

Inerb¹,

Phairuang²,

Paluang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The concentration of total suspended particles (TSP) and nanoparticles (PM0.1) over Hat Yai city, Songkhla province, southern Thailand was measured in 2019. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were evaluated by carbon aerosol analyzer (IMPROVE-TOR) method. Thirteen trace elements including Al, Ba, K, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Ti, Pb, and Zn were evaluated by ICP-OES. Annual average TSP and PM0.1 mass concentrations were determined to be 58.3 ± 7.8 and 10.4 ± 1.2 µg/m3, respectively. The highest levels of PM occurred in the wet season with the corresponding values for the dry seasons being lower. The annual average OC/EC ratio ranged from 3.8 - 4.2 (TSP) and 2.5 - 2.7 (PM0.1). The char to soot ratios were constantly less than 1.0 for both TSP and PM0.1, indicating that land transportation is the main emission source. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that road transportation, industry, and biomass burning are the key sources of these particles. However, PM arising from Indonesian peatland fires causes an increase in the carbon and trace element concentrations in southern Thailand. The findings make useful information for air quality management and strategies for controlling this problem, based on a source apportionment analysis.

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“…Venecek et al [27] found that on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles made significant contributions to regional PM 0.1 in all 39 cities in United States. Nghiem et al [28] aslo found that traffic contributed the biggest part of nanoparticles (46.28 % of five major emission sources to the PM 0.1 ) in Ha Noi. In this study, two sampling sites located in rural areas and far about 300 -500 m from the inter-communal road with sparse traffic.…”

Section: Variation Of Particles Mass Concentration and Size Distribution Between Rs Burning Period And Non-burning Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution and Contribution of Particles From Rice Straw Open Burning to the Atmosphere in Hanoi

Pham

2020

JST

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Atmospheric ultrafine, accumulation mode and coarse fractions collected at representative rice straw open burning areas in Hanoi were investigated to identify characteristics of size distribution and contribution of particles emitted from rice straw (RS) burning season to the atmosphere. The sampling was conducted in two episodes: RS burning episode and RS non-burning episode at Dong Anh and Quoc Oai, in seven consecutive days for each sampling campaign from 2018 to 2019. In the RS burning episode, PM1-2.5 showed the highest fraction among all collected particles in both sampling sites, while PM2.5-10 was the most abundant in RS non-burning season. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 in RS burning period and RS non-burning period were 79.7  46.5 g m-3 and 65.2  21.9 g m-3, respectively at Dong Anh sampling site. Those values were 90.9  33.2 g m-3 in the QO_RS burning site and 71.9  29.3 g m-3 in the TM_RS non-burning site. The proportion of fine particle (PM2.5) at both sites were considerable higher in RS burning period as compared to non-burning period, while the concentration of ultrafineparticle (PM0.1) and coarse particle (PM>10m) were similar between two episodes. This result provides better understanding on size distribution and contribution of fine particles from open RS burning to the atmosphere in Hanoi, which is an useful information for the environmental managers to control RS open burning in Hanoi as well as in Vietnam.

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Chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient nanoparticles: a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

Assessing the Impact of Traffic Emissions on Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Levels in Hanoi through COVID-19 Social Distancing Periods

Assessing the Impact of Traffic Emissions on Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide Levels in Hanoi through COVID-19 Social Distancing Periods

Carbon and Trace Element Compositions of Total Suspended Particles (TSP) and Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) in Ambient Air of Southern Thailand and Characterization of Their Sources

Size Distribution and Contribution of Particles From Rice Straw Open Burning to the Atmosphere in Hanoi

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