Chemical characterization and source apportionment of aerosol at an urban area of Central Delhi, India

Variation of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of PM10 at Urban Sites of Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India

“…(r 2 = 0.59) of PM 10 at Kanpur, IGP of India, and considered biomass burning emissions as one of the sources of PM. A significant correlation between OC and EC is usually indicative of their common sources like vehicular traffic, biomass burning etc., (Salma et al 2004;Sharma et al 2014a, b;Sharma et al 2015). In contrast, a poor correlation between OC and EC indicates the formation of secondary aerosols under favorable conditions for the gas to particle conversion of volatile organic compounds through a photochemical reaction in the atmosphere (Salma et al 2004).…”

“…(Seinfeld and Pandis 1998;Sharma et al 2014c;Sharma et al 2015). Roadside vehicles and industrial activities in urban areas also contribute N in particulates through oxidation of gaseous NO x (NO and NO 2 ).…”

“…The major sources of carbonaceous aerosols (CA) include biomass burning, combustion of biomass and fossil fuels etc. (Venkataraman et al 2005;Wang and Kawamura 2006;Sharma et al 2015). Several researchers have reported carbonaceous aerosols and chemical composition of total suspended particulates in the Indian region (Kulshrestha et al1998;Venkataraman and Rao 2001;Tare et al 2006;Parashar et al 2005;Tiwari et al 2009).…”

“…Several researchers have reported carbonaceous aerosols and chemical composition of total suspended particulates in the Indian region (Kulshrestha et al1998;Venkataraman and Rao 2001;Tare et al 2006;Parashar et al 2005;Tiwari et al 2009). The studies suggested that carbonaceous aerosols contribute *30 %-35 % of the total suspended particulate mass over IGP during winter (Rengarajan et al 2007;Ram and Sarin 2010) whereas contribution of water soluble ionic component (WSIC) are of the order of 15 %-20 % (Tare et al 2006;Rengarajan et al 2007;Sharma et al 2015). Ambient aerosols consist of mineral dust, metals, sea salts and secondary aerosol; and contain both inorganic and organic pollutants, with the relative abundance of these components being highly variable both spatially and seasonally (Rengarajan et al 2007;Sharma et al 2015).…”

“…The studies suggested that carbonaceous aerosols contribute *30 %-35 % of the total suspended particulate mass over IGP during winter (Rengarajan et al 2007;Ram and Sarin 2010) whereas contribution of water soluble ionic component (WSIC) are of the order of 15 %-20 % (Tare et al 2006;Rengarajan et al 2007;Sharma et al 2015). Ambient aerosols consist of mineral dust, metals, sea salts and secondary aerosol; and contain both inorganic and organic pollutants, with the relative abundance of these components being highly variable both spatially and seasonally (Rengarajan et al 2007;Sharma et al 2015). Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) are composed of organic carbon (OC) and black or elemental carbon (BC or EC) have important effect on climate.…”