Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum

Abstract

Fucoidan is a sulfated algal polyanionic polysaccharide that possesses many biological activities. In this paper, a fucoidan (SHF) polysaccharide was extracted from Sargassum hemiphyllum collected in the South China Sea. The SHF, with a molecular weight of 1166.48 kDa (44.06%, w/w), consisted of glucose (32.68%, w/w), galactose (24.81%, w/w), fucose (20.75%, w/w), xylose (6.98%, w/w), mannose (2.76%, w/w), other neutral monosaccharides, and three uronic acids, including glucuronic acid (5.39%, w/w), mannuronic acid (1.76%, w/w), and guronuronic acid (1.76%, w/w). The SHF exhibited excellent immunostimulatory activity. An immunostimulating assay showed that SHF could significantly increase NO secretion in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells via upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels based on both gene expression and protein abundance. These results suggest that SHF isolated from Sargassum hemiphyllum has great potential to act as a health-boosting ingredient in the pharmaceutical and functional-food fields.

Self-Assembling Sulfated Lactobacillus Exopolysaccharide Nanoparticles as Adjuvants for SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Elicit Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

“…These two structures can promote the proliferative and immunostimulatory effects of immune cells. 37,38 Interestingly, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 contained higher contents of GlcA compared with most of the reported EPS, which has been shown to be one of the important components influencing the immunoreactivity of polysaccharides. 37 Thus, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 significantly increased the viability of THP-1 cells and their expression of cytokines.…”

“…37,38 Interestingly, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 contained higher contents of GlcA compared with most of the reported EPS, which has been shown to be one of the important components influencing the immunoreactivity of polysaccharides. 37 Thus, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 significantly increased the viability of THP-1 cells and their expression of cytokines. Notably, we found that EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 rapidly and efficiently induced innate immunity.…”

“…For example, EPS containing α-(1 → 2) glycosidic bonds promoted phagocytosis by macrophages, whereas EPS containing β-(1 → 3) and β-(1 → 6) glycosidic bonds activated the production of inflammatory factors. , The EPS prepared in this study contained acidic polysaccharides, while the major monosaccharides were Man and Glc and contained α-(1 → 6) and α-(1 → 3) glycosidic bonds linked to the pyran moiety. These two structures can promote the proliferative and immunostimulatory effects of immune cells. , Interestingly, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 contained higher contents of GlcA compared with most of the reported EPS, which has been shown to be one of the important components influencing the immunoreactivity of polysaccharides . Thus, EPS 7-4 and EPS 8-2 significantly increased the viability of THP-1 cells and their expression of cytokines.…”

Physicochemical Characterization and Antitumor Activity of Fucoidan and Its Degraded Products from Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh

“…The absorption band at 846 cm −1 can be attributed to the equatorial C-O-S bending vibration of the sulfate substituent at the axial C-4 position [ 25 ]. The absorption at 812–827 cm −1 suggests the presence of 2,4-O-disulfated fucose or 6-O-sulfated GalNAc [ 26 ] of the fractions F1, F2 and its depolymerized fragment DF1, DF2, indicating that the sulfation mode did not change significantly. The results showed that the backbone structure of fucoidan was not damaged by oxidation degradation.…”

Functions and values of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed

“…Hotchkiss et al (2016) highlighted the significance of carrageenan as a leading seaweed product in the above-mentioned industries and pointed out that carrageenan holds the fourth largest share in the global food texture market, following starches, gelatin, and pectin, based on value. Furthermore, hydrocolloids such as carrageenan are widely nitric oxide synthase at both gene and protein abundance levels (Li et al 2022). Oral administration of a fucoidan isolated from Undaria pinnatifida resulted in remarkable immunomodulatory activities in sarcoma 180 subcutaneous xenograft-bearing mice.…”