Chemical characteristics, sources, and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 before and during the Spring Festival in a coastal city in Southeast China

Wang, Shanshan; Yu, Ruilian; Shen, Huazhen; Wang, Shuai; Hu, Qichao; Cui, Jinlong; Yan, Yan; Huang, Huabin; Hu, Gongren

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.050

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Secondary organic carbon (SOC) SOC is formed by the photochemical reactions of volatile hydrocarbons (Wang et al 2019a). The concentration of SOC can be obtained by:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Deng

Jiang²,

Miao

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Air pollution is a serious threat to ancient sites and cultural relicts. In this study, we collected indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 samples and individual particles at the Exhibition Hall of Jinsha Site Museum in June 2020, and then the chemical components, sources, morphology, and mixing state of the fine particulate matter were analyzed. Our results show that the indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 concentrations at the Exhibition Hall were 33.3±6.6 and 39.4±11.4 μg m −3 , respectively. Although the indoor and outdoor concentrations of OC and EC were close, the proportion of secondary organic carbon in OC outdoor (33%) was higher than that indoor (27%). The PM 2.5 was alkaline both indoors and outdoors, and the outdoor alkalinity was stronger than the indoor alkalinity. SNA (SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ) was the dominant component in the water-soluble inorganic ions; Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ were well correlated (R 2 > 0.9), and Cl − and K + were also highly correlated (R 2 > 0.8). Enrichment factor analysis showed that Cu (indoor) and Cd were the main anthropogenic elements and that Cd was heavily enriched. Principal components analysis showed that the main sources of PM 2.5 at Jinsha Site Museum were motor vehicles, dust, secondary sources, and combustion sources. The individual particles were classified as organic matter, S-rich, soot, mineral, and fly ash/metal particles, and most of these particles were internally mixed with each other. At last, we proposed pollution control measures to improve the air quality of museums and the preservation of cultural relicts.

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“…Secondary organic carbon (SOC) SOC is formed by the photochemical reactions of volatile hydrocarbons (Wang et al 2019a). The concentration of SOC can be obtained by:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Deng

Jiang²,

Miao

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Numbers of publications focused on the impact of Spring Festival on ambient air pollution in cities, which reported a reduction of air pollutant emissions and better air quality. 32,53 However, few studies There are several limitations should be addressed in this study.…”

Section: Implication and Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a unique culture in China and other Asian countries such as Korean, people worked in cities always travel back to rural hometowns for the traditional Spring Festival. 29,30 The air pollution in Chinese cities might decrease accordingly during the Spring Festival due to the reduction of factory production, construction, and the vehicle flow, 31,32 while in rural areas it could be very different. Young people travelled from cities to rural homes and they need to live together with the elders as a bigger family and spent most time in indoor environments during the special traditional holidays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Indoor Air

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Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from residential combustion considerably affects human health in rural China. Large-scale population migration and rural lifestyle changes during the Spring Festival are supposed to change the household air pollution and health risks; however, limited field study has determined its impacts on HAP and short-term health outcomes.Methods: A field study was conducted in rural areas of Southern China before and during the Spring Festival to explore the associations between HAP and blood pressure considering different factors such as cooking fuel, heating fuel, and smoking.Stationary real-time PM 2.5 monitors were used to measure PM 2.5 concentrations of the kitchen, living room, and yard of 156 randomly selected households. Personal exposure to PM 2.5 was calculated based on the results of stationary samplers and corresponding time local residents spent in different microenvironments, and one adult resident was recruited of each family for the blood pressure measurement.Results: Both personal exposure to PM 2.5 and blood pressures of local residents increased during Spring Festival compared to the days before the holiday. Based on generalized linear model coupled with dominance analysis approach, it was found that personal PM 2.5 exposure was positively associated with the factors of population size and the types of cooking and heating fuels with the relative contributions of approximately 82%, and systolic blood pressure (SBP, 100-120 mmHg as normal range for adults) was positively and significantly associated with personal PM 2.5 exposures with the relative contribution of 11%. Conclusion:The findings in this study demonstrated that Spring Festival can give rise to increase of HAP and hypertension risks, also related to tremendous solid fuel use, suggesting further policy making on promoting cleaner energy in rural areas and more attention on large population migration during national holidays.

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“…Many provinces in China implemented various measures in January 2020 (Table 2). During the Spring Festival and early stages of spring, a large proportion of industrial and commercial production is suspended or significantly reduced, and the flow of public vehicles is noticeably reduced, resulting in a reduction in conventional pollution source emissions [48]. However, previous investigations have shown that the discharge of fireworks during the Spring Festival increases the concentration of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and SO 2 , causing serious short-term air pollution [49][50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Pollution in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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The COVID-19 pandemic poses a serious global threat to human health. In China, the government immediately implemented lockdown measures to curb the spread of this virus. These measures severely affected transportation and industrial production across the country, resulting in a significant change in the concentration of air pollutants. In this study, the Euclidean distance method was used to select the most similar meteorological field during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Changes in the concentration of air pollutants in China were analyzed under similar meteorological background conditions. Results indicate that, compared with data from 2015–2019, air quality in China significantly improved; with the exception of ozone (O3), the concentration of major air pollutants declined. Compared with baseline conditions, the reduction of air pollutants in China from 25 January to 22 February 2020 (Period 2) was the most significant. In particular, NO2 decreased by 41.7% in the Yangtze River Delta. In Period 2, the reduction of air pollutants in areas other than Hubei gradually decreased, but the reduction of NO2 in Wuhan reached 61.92%, and the reduction of air pollutants in various regions after February 23 was significantly reduced. By excluding the influence of meteorological factors and calculating the contribution of human activities to atmospheric pollutants by linear fitting, in Period 2 the effect of artificial controls on NO2 in Wuhan attained 30.66%, and reached 48.17% from 23 February to 23 March (Period 3). Results from this investigation provides effective theoretical support for pollution prevention and control in China.

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Chemical characteristics, sources, and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 before and during the Spring Festival in a coastal city in Southeast China

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Pollution in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak

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Chemical characteristics, sources, and formation mechanisms of PM2.5 before and during the Spring Festival in a coastal city in Southeast China

Cited by 51 publications

References 35 publications

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at Jinsha Site Museum, Chengdu, China

Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM 2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents

Analysis on the Characteristics of Air Pollution in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak

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Product

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Impacts of Chinese spring festival on household PM _2.5 pollution and blood pressure of rural residents