Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in Particulate Matter in Three Metropolitan Areas in the North China Plain

Dao, Xu; Wang, Zhen; Lv, Yibing; Enjiang, Teng; Zhang, Lin-Lin; Wang, Chao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113831

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar distribution patterns observed for Cu and Zn seem to confirm a similar origin and distribution. Enrichment distribution pattern for Cl is possibly related to the presence of the water-soluble ion Cl from marine aerosol (Dao et al, 2014). In accordance with this assumption, EF values were lower around the coal mining area and higher in Mayapo and Media Luna both located near the coastal area.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Groupsupporting

confidence: 66%

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During coal surface mining, several activities such as drilling, blasting, loading, and transport produce large quantities of particulate matter (PM) that is directly emitted into the atmosphere. Occupational exposure to this PM has been associated with an increase of DNA damage, but there is a scarcity of data examining the impact of these industrial operations in cytogenetic endpoints frequency and cancer risk of potentially exposed surrounding populations. In this study, we used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) methods to perform a spatial and statistical analysis to explore whether exposure to PM and PM pollution, and additional factors, including the enrichment of the PM with inorganic elements, contribute to cytogenetic damage in residents living in proximity to an open-pit coal mining area. Results showed a spatial relationship between exposure to elevated concentrations of PM PM and micronuclei frequency in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells. Active pits, disposal, and storage areas could be identified as the possible emission sources of combustion elements. Mining activities were also correlated with increased concentrations of highly enriched elements like S, Cu and Cr in the atmosphere, corroborating its role in the inorganic elements pollution around coal mines. Elements enriched in the PM fraction contributed to increasing of MNBN but seems to be more related to increased MNMONO frequencies and DNA damage accumulated in vivo. The combined use of GIS and IDW methods could represent an important tool for monitoring potential cancer risk associated to dynamically distributed variables like the PM.

show abstract

Section: Demographic Characteristics Groupsupporting

confidence: 66%

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In other words, it means that two PM 2.5 emission profiles have similarity along the time course. Indeed, similarity was observed in CO and O 3 emission profiles 30 , and in water-soluble ion concentrations in PM 2.5 between Shijiazhuang, Beijing and Tianjin 15 . Essentially, similarity is attributed to various reasons, for example, about 10% of PM 2.5 in Beijing is constituted from mineral dust 18 , which is frequently transported from Gobi desert to Beijing and North China Plain 48 49 50 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Mechanism of PM 2.5 formation is elucidated as that aerosol nucleation is the initial step for particle size and mass evolution to grow to PM 2.5 12 13 . Although the size of nucleation-mode particles may be smaller than 30 nm 1 , PM 2.5 eventually contains various components, such as elemental carbon (EC), potassium (K), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti) 14 , water-soluble ions (Cl − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , NH 4 + ) 15 , and organic carbon. Thus, contribution from organic compounds to PM 2.5 cannot be ignored, for example, 80% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated by combustion join PM 2.5 16 and xylenes, propane, n-pentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 2-methylpentane, propene, benzene and toluene are found in PM 2.5 17 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emissions in China

Yan

2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specification of PM2.5 spatial and temporal characteristics is important for understanding PM2.5 adverse effects and policymaking. We applied network analysis to studying the dataset MIX, which contains PM2.5 emissions recorded from 2168 monitoring stations in China in 2008 and 2010. The results showed that for PM2.5 emissions from industrial sector 8 clusters were found in 2008 but they merged together into a huge cluster in 2010, suggesting that industrial sector underwent an integrating process. For PM2.5 emissions from electricity generation sector, strong locality of clusters was revealed, implying that each region had its own electricity generation system. For PM2.5 emissions from residential sector, the same pattern of 10 clusters was uncovered in both years, implicating the household energy consumption unchanged from 2008 to 2010. For PM2.5 emissions from transportation sector, the same pattern of 5 clusters with many connections in-between was unraveled, indicating the high-speed development of transportation nationalwidely. Except for the known elements, mercury (Hg) surfaced as an element for particle nucleation. To our knowledge, this is the first network study in this field.

show abstract

“…We found that the ratio in HS aerosols was 0.26-1.01 with an average of 0.65 ( Table 3), implying that ion pollution largely comes from stationary sources. The ratio in HS aerosols was lower than those from Beijing (1.34), Tianjin (1.03) and Shijiazhuang (1.05) [8], Shanghai (1.15) [9], China, and Southern Spain (0.86) [17], but higher than those from Yichang, China (0.40) [7], Taipei, Taiwan (0.21) [15], Ishikawa, Japan (0.39) [16], and Mohal, India (0.48) [18]. Table 4 shows the Pearson correlation coefficients among these WSIIs in the PM 10 samples.…”

Section: Charge Balance Analysis Of Wsiismentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Therefore, observations on WSIIs can not only reflect the quality of the atmospheric environment, but also provide a scientific basis for understanding the source, formation mechanism, and transmission processing of aerosols [6,7]. Aerosol WSIIs have been studied extensively in China, especially in large cities, such as Beijing and Tianjin [8], Shanghai [9], Guangzhou [10], Xi'an [11], and Xining [2]. The results illustrate that WSIIs can account for one-third, or more, of aerosol mass in urban regions and act as an important factor in the increase of particulate mass concentrations [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM10 in a Typical Mining City, Central China

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 61 PM 10 samples in Huangshi (HS), Central China, were collected every sixth day from April 2012 to March 2013 and were analyzed for water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) by ion chromatography. The sum of three major ions (SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 +) accounted for 75.8% of the total WSIIs on average. The results of a non-parametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) show that, except for Na + (p > 0.05), the other ions present a distinctly seasonal variation with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The minimum concentrations of all ions were found in summer, while the maximum values presented in autumn (for Ca 2+) and winter (for Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , K + , NH 4 + , Mg 2+). Based on the highest ratio of Cl − /Na + (3.02) and the highest concentration of K (4.37 µg•m −3), Ba (0.37 µg•m −3), and Sr (0.07 µg•m −3) in February 2013, it can be concluded that firework powders have aggravated the haze weather during the Spring Festival of 2013. The micro-equivalent concentrations of cations and anions were calculated and the comparisons between the calculated and measured NH 4 + concentrations were conducted. The results illustrate that aerosol particles in HS are acidic and there may exist some other cationic ions not detected in this study. An obvious positive correlation and good linear regression among WSIIs suggest that the chemical forms in HS aerosols show a great variety of combinations, such as NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HSO 4 , (NH 4) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 Cl, KCl, KNO 3 , NaCl, NaNO 3 , Ca(NO 3) 2 , CaSO 4 , MgCl 2 , Mg(NO 3) 2 , and MgSO 4. The WSIIs have large positive correlation and linear regression with the elements, suggesting that WSIIs in mining cities are strongly influenced by element constituents. Principal component analysis implies that WSIIs in PM 10 are probably from three sources.

show abstract

Chemical Characteristics of Water-Soluble Ions in Particulate Matter in Three Metropolitan Areas in the North China Plain

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

Geospatial analysis of residential proximity to open-pit coal mining areas in relation to micronuclei frequency, particulate matter concentration, and elemental enrichment factors

Network Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emissions in China

Characteristics and Source Analysis of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in PM10 in a Typical Mining City, Central China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About