Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry.

Abstract

Five commercially available organic Cu products and reagent-grade CuSO4 x 5H2O (Cu Sulf) were evaluated by polarographic analysis and solubility in 0.1 M K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5), 0.2 M HCl-KCl buffer (pH 2), or deionized water. Fractions from these solubility tests were evaluated by gel filtration chromatography for structural integrity. The organic sources were Cu lysine complex (Cu Lys), Cu amino acid chelate (Cu AA), Cu proteinate A (Cu ProA), Cu proteinate B (Cu ProB), and Cu proteinate C (Cu ProC). Separation of peaks in the chromatograms for the soluble Cu fraction from deionized water indicated that 77, 31, 69, 94, and 16% of the Cu remained chelated for the above sources, respectively. Two experiments were conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of Cu from the organic Cu supplements for chicks when added at high dietary concentrations to practical corn-soybean meal diets. Liver Cu concentration increased (P < 0.0001) as dietary Cu increased in both experiments. When Cu Sulf was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124 +/- 5.1, 122 +/- 5.3, and 111 +/- 6.0 for Cu Lys, Cu AA, and Cu ProC, respectively, in Exp. 1. The bioavailability estimates for Cu Lys and Cu AA were greater (P < 0.05) than that for Cu Sulf. Values in Exp. 2 were 111 +/- 7.6, 109 +/- 8.4, and 105 +/- 7.5 for Cu Lys, Cu ProA, and Cu ProB, respectively, and all sources were similar in value for chicks. Solubility of Cu in pH 2 buffer provided the best prediction of bioavailability (r2 = 0.924). Other indicators of chelation integrity and solubility had little value as predictors of bioavailability (r2 < or = 0.445).

Copper balance, bone mineralization and the growth performance of turkeys fed diet with two types of Cu supplements

“…Further Cu-supplementations from inorganic and/or organic sources did not significantly improve turkeys performance and health. Other authors (Guo et al, 2001;Banks et al, 2004a) reported also that copper source did not affect broiler performance. MIKULSKI D. ET AL.…”

“…When Cu sulphate was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log 10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124, 122 and 111% for Cu lysine complex, Cu amino acid chelate and Cu proteinate, respectively. The bioavailability estimates for Cu lysine complex and Cu amino acid chelate were greater (P≤0.05) than that for Cu sulphate (Guo et al, 2001). Aoyagi and Baker (1993) reported that the relative bioavailability of Cu in a Lysine-Cu complex was 126% compared with 100% for that in copper sulphate.…”

“…In studies conducted by Guo et al (2001) the bioavailability of several organic copper products for chickens was significantly greater than that of copper sulphate. When Cu sulphate was assigned a value of 100% as the standard, linear regression slope ratios of log 10 liver Cu concentration regressed on added dietary Cu concentration gave estimated relative bioavailability values of 124, 122 and 111% for Cu lysine complex, Cu amino acid chelate and Cu proteinate, respectively.…”

“…Several researchers (Hemken et al, 1993;Du et al, 1996) confirm that metal chelates of amino acids and peptides can enhance the bioavailability of trace elements. An important function of chelated and complexed metals is the extent to which organic ligands remain associated with the metal ligand under physiological conditions (Guo et al, 2001). Some commercially available chelated and complexed Cu compounds are purported to protect the mineral from becoming degraded or complexed with other compounds until the product reaches the section of the gastrointestinal tract where absorption occurs.…”

Effect of dietary soyabean hulls and metal-amino acid chelated mineral supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and noxious gas emission in growing pigs

“…Secondly, gastrointestinal pH may be increased as the result of the buffering capacity of NSP, with the indirect result of reduction in gastrin secretion in response to the more alkaline environment (Dilger et al, 2004). Metalamino acid chelated mineral has been shown to evidence better absorption, which has been reported by many researchers to enhance the effi ciency of its use (Yu et al, 2000;Guo et al, 2001). However, our data evidenced no improvements in the MAC treatments, the different supplemented level and mineral type from that utilized in other experiments may be a reasonable explanation for the differences observed in the current study.…”