Chemical changes in unsaturated oils upon aging and subsequent effects on fabric yellowing and soil removal

Park, Eun Kyung Choe; Obendorf, S. Kay

doi:10.1007/bf02541468

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…Both gas- and condensed-phase products have been identified, including carbonyls, acids, peroxides, and ethers. ,, The condensed-phase products are more hydrophilic and redox-active than squalene . As well, the oxidation products of fabrics soiled with squalene have been studied under ambient conditions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Oxidation of Skin Oil by Ozone

Zhou

Forbes

Katrib

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

117

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Oxidation of Skin Oil by Ozone

Zhou

Forbes

Katrib

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effect of fiber substrates on appearance and removal of aged oily soils

Chi

Obendorf

2001

J Surfact & Detergents

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Aging of oily soils produces difficult-to-remove yellow stains on fabrics. This study examines the effect of different textile substrates on yellowing and removal of aged oily soils. Model oily soils, squalene and artificial sebum, were aged at 40°C on cotton, nylon, and polyester fabrics for 8 wk. Radiotracer and spectrophotometric analyses were used to quantify volatilization and color change of soiled fabrics upon aging as well as soil and color removal after laundering. Differences in volatility of oils from three substrates were insignificant, although cotton and nylon fabrics produced significantly more yellowness than polyester fabrics. Aging of oily soil enhanced detergency from all three fabrics. The largest increase in removal upon aging was found with cotton. Difference in removal from the three substrates became very small after aging. The effect of substrate was pronounced on yellowing due to aging with cotton and nylon having higher yellowness indices. Cotton visually appeared to be cleaner than indicated by the actual amount of residual oil present after washing, whereas nylon had less residual oil present even though it visually appeared more yellow than cotton. For polyester, the amount of residual oil correlated well with appearance after washing. We conclude that discoloration mechanisms differ among cotton, polyester, and nylon substrates. For polyester, discoloration is solely discoloration of oily soil that is physically bound in the fibrous structure, whereas for cotton, discoloration is a result of discoloration of oil as well as additional yellowing caused by retention of chromophores chemically bound to the cotton substrate. In the case of nylon, yellowing of nylon itself is an additional factor contributing to yellowness even though most of the oil is removed upon washing. These results illustrate the importance of the method of detergency evaluation. Measuring color change in yellowness or reflectance is not the same as soil removal based on a quantitative measurement of soil mass. Thus, it may be necessary to measure both color and quantity of residual soil.FIG. 2. Volatility of oily soils from cotton, nylon, and polyester substrates during aging for 8 wk at 40°C.

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Lipid distribution on textiles in relation to washing with lipases

Varanasi

Obendorf

Pedersen

et al. 2001

J Surfact & Detergents

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Effectiveness of lipase in detergency was studied using three test soils (lard, artificial sebum, and olive oil) on a woven cotton fabric. Distribution of oily soil on fabrics was determined for three different treatments (unwashed, washed with detergent without lipase, and washed with detergent plus lipase). Osmium tetroxide was used to label lipid soil for analysis in the scanning electron microscope. Both longitudinal and cross‐sectional backscattered electron images for unwashed samples showed that soil was present on surfaces of the cotton fibers and in interfiber spaces of the yarn bundle. Lard soiled samples had large deposits on the fabric surfaces, while artificial sebum and olive oil appeared more uniformly distributed throughout the textile. Oil was deposited in the interfiber capillaries of the yarn bundle and in the crenulation, secondary walls, and lumen of the fibers. Energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis was used to determine relative concentrations of oil at selected morphological locations within the fiber structure and at the fiber surface. Soil distributions within the fibrous structures differed with type of soil and laundry treatment. Backscattered electron images dramatically demonstrated the effect of lipase on cleaning. After washing with detergent plus lipase, yarn surfaces had much less residual soil; residual soil that remained was in the irregularities of the cotton fiber surfaces. Concentrations of oil in the secondary walls, crenulations, lumen, and the fiber surfaces were lower after lipase treatment for all three soils. While washing with detergent removed soil from the yarn and fiber surfaces and the crenulation of the cotton fiber, only the samples washed with detergent plus lipase had lower concentrations of soils within the secondary wall and lumen of the cotton fibers. Fabrics soiled with olive oil and washed with detergent plus lipase had the lowest concentrations of residual soil across the textile structure; the residual soil observed was mainly in the irregularities on the fiber surfaces.

show abstract

Chemical changes in unsaturated oils upon aging and subsequent effects on fabric yellowing and soil removal

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Rapid Oxidation of Skin Oil by Ozone

Rapid Oxidation of Skin Oil by Ozone

Effect of fiber substrates on appearance and removal of aged oily soils

Lipid distribution on textiles in relation to washing with lipases

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