Chemical boundary engineering: A new route toward lean, ultrastrong yet ductile steels

Ding, Ran; Yao, Yingjie; Sun, Binhan; Li, Geng; He, Jintao; Li, Tong; Wan, Xinhao; Dai, Zongbiao; Ponge, Dirk; Raabe, Dierk; Zhang, Chi; Godfrey, A.; Miyamoto, Gorō; Furuhara, Tadashi; Yang, Zhigang; Zwaag, Sybrand van der; Chen, Hao

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay1430

Cited by 144 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…5A). Although steels with strengths above 2 GPa have been reported in the literature (2,3,22), they are associated with high-alloy contents that allow for the partitioning of alloying elements or the controlled precipitation to achieve a good mechanical performance, which not only increases the cost of raw materials and manufacturing processes( fig. S5) but also notably degrades their weldability (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steels are the most widely used structural materials since the inception of the industrial age. Ultrastrong steels with low cost are highly desirable for large-scale industrial applications ( 1 – 3 ). Many approaches have been developed to make steels strong, among which increasing carbon content is, so far, most efficient and economical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastrong low-carbon nanosteel produced by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling

et al. 2020

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Ultrastrong materials can notably help with improving the energy efficiency of transportation vehicles by reducing their weight. Grain refinement by severe plastic deformation is, so far, the most effective approach to produce bulk strong nanostructured metals, but its scaling up for industrial production has been a challenge. Here, we report an ultrastrong (2.15 GPa) low-carbon nanosteel processed by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling. The nanosteel consists of thin (~17.8 nm) lamellae, which was enabled by two unreported mechanisms: (i) improving deformation compatibility of dual-phase heterostructure by adjusting warm rolling temperature and (ii) segregating carbon atoms to lamellar boundaries to stabilize the nanolamellae. Defying our intuition, warm rolling produced finer lamellae than cold rolling, which demonstrates the potential and importance of tuning deformation compatibility of interstitial containing heterostructure for nanocrystallization. This previously unreported approach is applicable to most low-carbon, low-alloy steels for producing ultrahigh strength materials in industrial scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastrong low-carbon nanosteel produced by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the strength of medium Mn steels is usually somewhat lower than that of Q&P steels, but they have a much better elongation due to a higher RA fraction. To achieve more excellent balance between strength and elongation, some efforts [296][297][298][299] have also been made to obtain a mixed microstructure containing of martensite and retained austenite in medium Mn steels.…”

Section: Desired Microstructures and Required Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and application of solid-state phase transformations for advanced high strength steels containing metastable retained austenite

Dai

Chen

Ding

et al. 2021

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

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128

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Over many decades, significant efforts have been made to improve the strength-elongation product of advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) by creating tailored multi-phase microstructures. Successive solid-state phase transformations for steels with a well selected chemical composition turned out to be the key instrument in the realisation of such microstructures. In this contribution, we first provide a brief review of the desired microstructures for Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), Carbide-free Bainitic (CFB), Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) and Medium Manganese steels followed by comprehensive discussions on the phase transformations to be used in their creation. The implications for the steel composition to be selected are addressed too. As the presence of the right amount and type of metastable retained austenite (RA) is of crucial importance for the mechanical performance of these AHSSs, special attention is paid to the important role of successive solid-state phase transformations in creating the desired fraction and composition of RA by suitable element partitioning (in particular C and Mn). This critical partitioning not only takes place during final cooling (austenite decomposition) but also during the back transformation (austenite reversion) during reheating.This review aims to be more than just descriptive of the various findings, but to present them from a coherent thermodynamic / thermo-kinetic perspective, such that it provides the academic and industrial community with a rather complete conceptual and theoretical framework to accelerate the further development of this important class of steels. The detailed stepwise treatment makes the review relevant not only for experts but also metallurgists entering the field.

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“…The intrinsic factors that govern the austenite stability in medium Mn TRIP steel can be tuned based on the annealing temperature [ 182 ], duration [ 183 ], deformation (warm rolling/cold rolling) [ 184 ], and initial starting microstructures [ 185 ]. In addition to the conventional C and Mn partitioning for medium Mn TRIP steel during the intercritical annealing [ 19 , 20 ], the Mn segregation at different length scales [ 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ] can also be employed to stabilize the austenite grains. The ultrafine austenite grain size is another vital factor in governing the austenite stability in medium Mn steel [ 63 , 193 , 194 ].…”

Section: Alloy Design Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Factors Governing Austenite Stability: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic

2020

Materials

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In this review, we separate the different governing factors on austenite stability into intrinsic and extrinsic factors, depending on the domain defined by austenite grain boundaries. The different measuring techniques on the effectiveness of the governing factors in affecting the austenite stability are discussed. On the basis of the austenite stability, a new alloy design strategy that involves the competition between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors to control the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect to realize the stronger the more ductile steel is proposed. The present review may provide new insights into the development of novel thermal-mechanical processing to advance the mechanical properties of steels for industrial applications.

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Chemical boundary engineering: A new route toward lean, ultrastrong yet ductile steels

Cited by 144 publications

References 36 publications

Ultrastrong low-carbon nanosteel produced by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling

Ultrastrong low-carbon nanosteel produced by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling

Fundamentals and application of solid-state phase transformations for advanced high strength steels containing metastable retained austenite

On the Factors Governing Austenite Stability: Intrinsic versus Extrinsic

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