Chemical body composition and bone growth of young pigs as affected by deficiency, adequate and excess of dietary phosphorus supply

Abstract

Objective of the experiment was to study the effect of deficiency, adequate and excess dietary phosphorus supply on growth performance, retention and utilisation of phosphorus, length, mass and geometry measurements of the femur shaft, content of protein, ash, phosphorus in viscera, edible (meat and fat) and inedible (bones and skin) parts of the body in pigs ageing from 33 to 110 days. It was found that compared to animals fed according to phosphorus requirement the deficiency and excess of dietary phosphorus did not influenced o total feed intake (mean 120.6 kg) and feed conversion (mean 1.9 kg/kg gain). However phosphorus deficiency lowered total gain of the body mass (P=0.0072), diminished weight of the inedible part of the carcass (P=0.0229), decreased the content of body protein (P=0.0171), ash (P=0.0001), and phosphorus (P=0.0001). Whereas, over-supply of dietary phosphorus did not cause any change of these component. Utilisation of the total phosphorus was diminished (P=0.0001) in pigs fed diet with both excess (by 16.26%) and deficiency (by 12.28%) of the phosphorus, but excess had much lower negative impact than its' deficiency. When available form of this element was considered over-supply still reduced (P=0.0001) its utilisation the most (by 26.58%) but deficiency made utilisation the best (7.77%). Both dietary deficiency and over-supply of the phosphorus diminished (P=0.0001) femur mass (by 25 and 11 g , respectively). Thus negative impact of phosphorus deficiency was much stronger. Moreover, phosphorus deficiency diminished (P=0.0015) bone length (by 0.5 cm), however, excess did not change this feature. Response of animals to a decrease bone mass and length due disturbances in phosphorus supply (both deficiency and excess) was the increase the vertical external diameter of the femur shaft.

Markers of bone turnover and biomechanical properties of the third metacarpal bone of growing pigs subjected to the different dietary phosphorus and calcium content

“…Bone mass of pigs subjected to disturbances in phosphorus and calcium supply was on average 11% lower, while bone length by 4% lower as compared to adequately fed animals. Similar reaction of animals, concerning mass of the bone was presented by Sobol et al (2022), albeit for the femur when pigs were fed a diet with lower calcium and phosphorus content. Thus, it seems that in the case of bone mass the short (3rd metacarpal) and long (femur) bones respond similarly to disturbances in phosphorus supply in the diet.…”

Effect of Fermented Rapeseed Meal in Feeds for Growing Piglets on Bone Morphological Traits, Mechanical Properties, and Bone Metabolism

“…The bone is a dynamic organ and undergoes two processes, synthesis and resorption, that are kept in balance to maintain normal bone mass necessary for movement and body support, protection of vital organs and general mineral management in the living organism [ 23 , 45 ]. Leg fractures, deformities and bone weakness impair pig welfare and behaviour and are important contributors to economic losses in terms of reduced daily gains and carcass quality [ 17 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Stronger and healthier bones allow for more efficient musculoskeletal performance of the well-supported body.…”

“…It is well known that quality feed is essential for proper bone development and enables the attainment of a bone mass necessary for the proper functioning of animals [ 16 , 17 ]. Nutritional components such as inorganic minerals are of primary importance and their deficiency usually leads to reduced bone mass, osteoporosis, increased frailty, and fractures.…”

Nutritional Value, Volatile Components, Functional Metabolites, and Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Different Parts of Millettia speciosa Champ., a Medicinal and Edible Plant with Potential for Development

“…As a mineral element essential for normal growth and bone development in all organisms, phosphorus plays an important role in a variety of metabolic processes, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [20]. Total phosphorus is an essential nutrient indicator in the diets of aquatic and terrestrial animals, such as fish and pigs [20,21]. The total phosphorus content in the leaves of M. speciosa, at 0.14%, was lower than the reference value of 0.5~1% for total phosphorus content in feeds [22].…”