Chemical binding of jojoba liquid wax to polyethylene

Abstract

Jojoba wax was chemically bonded to polyethylene-in film or hollow fiber form-via a stable sulfonamide bond. The jojoba-bonded polyethylene was obtained by binding allyl amino jojoba derivatives to chlorosulfonated polyethylene. The amount of jojoba added to the polymer ranged from 9 to 98% (w/w), depending on the reaction conditions. Swelling of the polymer in the reaction solvent was the major factor affecting the efficacy of the chemical binding of the jojoba amino groups to the chlorosulfonyl entities of the polymer. The double-bond regions in the bound jojoba wax were preserved, i.e., they were shown to be reactive in a bromination reaction. These modified membranes can find application in separation processes, such as metal ion separation and pervaporation.

Jojoba oil-based microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery

“…Jojoba oil produced in Jordan University of Science and Technology showed similar physicochemical properties as those previously reported in the literature ( 35 36 ) indicating its high quality. The surface tension of jojoba oil (33 dyne/cm) is close to the surface tension of human skin (27-28 dyne/cm).…”

“…The measured acid value, saponification number, iodine number, specific gravity, refractive index, surface tension, and viscosity of the obtained jojoba oil are shown in Table 2 . Jojoba oil produced by Jordan University of Science and Technology had the same physicochemical properties as those previously reported in the literature ( 35 36 ). The values indicated that jojoba oil was of high quality.…”

Application of jojoba wax bound to polyethylene membranes and hollow fibers in ion-exchange and pervaporation processes

“…Low‐density polyethylene (density 0.922g/cm 3 ; thickness 50 μm; melting index 0.3) was purified before use by Soxhlet extraction with hexane. Modified membranes J2NP11 and J2NP12 were prepared as described elsewhere 9. Dioxane (Frutarom) was distilled and dried over NaOH; dimethyl formamide (DMF, 99.8%, Aldrich) was dried over A4 molecular sieves.…”

“…By the same token, the modified material in hollow fiber form would be suitable for application in pervaporation processes for separation between polar and nonpolar molecules in pervaporation process. The chemical binding of jojoba liquid wax to chlorosulfonated polyethylene gave a stable polymer, as is described elsewhere 9. The material was prepared by reacting allylic amino jojoba (I, II) with PE–SO 2 Cl via sulfonamide bonds, as illustrated in Scheme .…”

“…From analytical results, it was estimated that some amino jojoba molecules reacted with one SO 2 Cl group, while others reacted with two SO 2 Cl groups, either on the same chain or crossedlinked to another chain (Scheme ). The efficacy of the chemical binding depended primarily on the solvent [dimethyl formamide (DMF) being a better solvent than chloroform or dioxane], but also to some extent on the concentration of the amino derivative in the reaction mixture and the amount of SO 2 Cl groups on the polymer 9…”