Chemical behaviour of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in monofills

Belevi, Hasan; Stämpfli, Dominique M.; Baccini, Peter

doi:10.1016/0734-242x(92)90069-w

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…1) In addition, MSWI bottom ash, leachates contain total organic carbon (TOC) at high concentrations, in a range of 200 to 800 mg/l, [5][6][7] and this has recently received increased attention with respect to the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). 8) Since MSWI fly ash also contains a wide variety of valuable heavy metals (e.g., Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni), it has been proposed as a candidate for metal recovery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

BacillusSpecies Predominated in an Incineration Ash Layer at a Landfill

Mizuno

Fukuda

Fujii

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

BacillusSpecies Predominated in an Incineration Ash Layer at a Landfill

Mizuno

Fukuda

Fujii

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents must be kept low for possible reuse purposes. Belevi et al [18] reported a DOC level of 200-800 mg/l in leachate from MSW bottom ash; while in another study it was reported to be in excess of 2000 mg/l [19]. Dabo et al [9] observed that leached DOC concentration from bottom ash decreased with time and reported a value of 500 mg/l in the first month and after rapid decrease over time it reached a final mean value of 10 mg/l after 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical association and mobility of trace elements in 13 different fuel incineration bottom ashes

Saqib

Bäckström

2016

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sBottom ashes from 13 Swedish waste incineration facilities were collected. Trace elements contents followed the sequence as Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Sb > As. Standard leaching indicates Cr had strongest mobility followed by Pb, Sb and Cu. Large amount of Cu is found in organic bound phase in 31% of samples. Amounts of unstable trace elements in biofuel bottom ashes are comparatively lower. a b s t r a c tThe release of trace elements from waste incineration bottom ash is problematic during utilization/ landfilling. Thirteen bottom ashes (from various waste fuels and wooden/mixed wooden fuel) were investigated with respect to the total content, leaching behaviour by standard leaching procedure (EN 12457-3), and chemical association of trace elements by sequential extraction. Results showed that the content of trace elements in household/or industrial waste bottom ashes were of high level in comparison to in wooden/mixed wooden fuel/mixed wooden waste ashes. Type of fuel being treated greatly impacts the total inventory of trace elements. On average, trace element content in 13 ashes followed the decreasing order; Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Sb > As. In this study the average total content of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr was higher in grate bottom ash treating household/industrial waste in comparison to fluidized boilers ash using same waste, however, there were too few data points and variation in data was large. By Standard leaching procedure, an excessive amount (more than disposal limit) of leached Cr, Pb, Sb and Cu (mostly in household/industrial waste ash) was observed in 6, 5, 5 and 4 of the 13 samples, respectively. Correlation coefficients (r) found between total and water leachable contents for Cu, Sb and As were 0.8, 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. Sequential extraction indicated that residual was the major fraction mostly, however, considerable amounts of trace elements had the potential to leach out. A large fraction of arsenic (57% based on average values) in 5 samples (mostly in waste/virgin wood and mixed wooden waste/fuel) and Zn (49% based on average values) in 4 of 13 samples (mostly household/or industrial) were found in the fractions that are easily available (acid soluble and exchangeable). Further, a considerable amount of Cu in 4 samples were found associated with the organic-bound phase. Dissolved organic matter might play an important role in leaching of Cu during utilization/landfilling. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fuel type affects the association of trace elements in bottom ash. Amounts of labile trace elements in wooden/mixed wooden fuel/waste bottom ashes were comparatively lower than other fuel bottom ashes. None of the samples exceeded the limit of disposal with respect to DOC leaching while chlorine in two and sulphate in three samples (household/industrial) exceeded limit. LOI (550°C) values were higher for bottom ash from grate facilities probably due to no-pre-treatment of the waste fuel. While comparatively low values of LOI (1 000°C) in few samples ...

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“…The acid neutralization capacity is defined operationally by the amount of acid required to reach pH 7 (Figure 9 shows titration curves for typical bottom ashes). Laboratory experiments by Belevi, et al (1992) suggest that non-metal fluxes from leachates (such as chloride, sulphur and dissolved organic carbon fluxes) would adversely impact the environment for years to decades after disposal (Table VI). Heavy metal fluxes by leachates are expected to be compatible with the environment (Table VI); however, additional laboratory and field studies are necessary to assess their behaviour over longer time periods.…”

Section: Acid-producing Potential Of Solid Waste Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Riverine and estuarine sedimentation of pollutants and leaks from sludges and wastes: Analytical, prognostic, experimental and remedial approaches

Förstner

1993

Land Degrad Dev

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The effects of chemical time bombs are typically discontinuous and non-linear. Once a certain threshold has been passed, the system starts to behave differently from before (Stigliani, 1991). A typical example is the consumption of a certain buffer capacity in a system, and the subsequent breakthrough of parameters such as pH values and metal concentrations. The mobilization of metals from different types of waste materials, after the depletion of typical barriers (mechanical or chemical) or after an increase of accelerating factors such as the lowering of pH values, was studied. The release of metals from sediments, leaks of pollutants from sludges and wastes, and some remedial approaches are discussed. KEY WORDS Metal release Estuarine sediments Leaks Remedial approaches RELEASE OF METALS FROM RIVERINE AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS Oxidation of sulphides and release of protonsAcidity is perhaps the most serious long-term threat from metal-bearing wastes. Water seeping from mine refuse has been transferring increased concentrations of metals into receiving waters for decades. The threat is especially serious in waters with little buffering capacity, i.e. in carbonate-poor areas where dissolved metal pollution can be spread over great distances. The production of acidity can develop many years after disposal, when the neutralizing or buffering capacity in a pyrite-containing waste is exceeded.The main process affecting the lowering of pH values (to less than 3) is the exposure of pyrite (FeS2) and other sulphide minerals to atmospheric oxygen and moisture, whereby the sulphidic component is oxidized to sulphate and acidity (protons or H+ ions) is generated. Bacterial action can assist in the oxidation of Fe2+ (aq.) in the presence of dissolved oxygen.The acidification problem of a sediment-water system arises after hydrogen ions have been generated during oxidation, e.g. during dredging or the resuspension of (mainly) fine-grained material containing less carbonate than is needed for long-term neutralization (Drever, 1982;Breemen, et al., 1984). Primary emissions of high metal concentrations occur from waste rocks and tailings, secondary effects on groundwater take place from contaminated ponds. Important and long-term sources of metals are sediments reworked from floodplains, mainly by repeated oxidation and reduction processes (Moore and Luoma, 1990). High concentration factors have been found in inland waters affected by acidic mine effluents (Forstner, 1981).The concept of acid-producing potential (APP) was initially developed in the prediction and calculation of acid mine drainage and waste tailings management (Anonymous, 1979; a summary is given by Ferguson and Erickson, 1988). Our findings on the effects of periodic redox processes on both the APP and metal mobility in estuarine sediments (Kersten, et al., 1985;Kersten and Forstner, 1991) have further enhanced research interest in this field.Direct assessment of the pH changes resulting from the oxidation of anoxic sediment constituents can be performed ...

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Chemical behaviour of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in monofills

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

BacillusSpecies Predominated in an Incineration Ash Layer at a Landfill

BacillusSpecies Predominated in an Incineration Ash Layer at a Landfill

Chemical association and mobility of trace elements in 13 different fuel incineration bottom ashes

Riverine and estuarine sedimentation of pollutants and leaks from sludges and wastes: Analytical, prognostic, experimental and remedial approaches

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