2002
DOI: 10.1016/s0375-6742(02)00232-7
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Chemical associations of heavy metals and metalloids in contaminated soils near former ore treatment plants: a differentiated approach with emphasis on pHstat-leaching

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Cited by 85 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…The accuracy of sequential extraction methods is much more difficult to estimate than that of a total metal determination due to the many extraction steps involved. Moreover, mimicking field conditions in the laboratory is a difficult task since the methods are operationally defined, whereas the testing techniques are developed to quantify and understand the contaminant mobility under specific leaching or testing conditions and to predict changes over time by using chemical models [63,64]. The large variety of environmental problems, a direct legacy of industrial expansion, has to deal also with the large number of techniques used to achieve the most relevant information with respect to risks related to deposition of wastes and different discharge pathways.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The accuracy of sequential extraction methods is much more difficult to estimate than that of a total metal determination due to the many extraction steps involved. Moreover, mimicking field conditions in the laboratory is a difficult task since the methods are operationally defined, whereas the testing techniques are developed to quantify and understand the contaminant mobility under specific leaching or testing conditions and to predict changes over time by using chemical models [63,64]. The large variety of environmental problems, a direct legacy of industrial expansion, has to deal also with the large number of techniques used to achieve the most relevant information with respect to risks related to deposition of wastes and different discharge pathways.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These tests estimate the mobility of contaminants by simulating changes that might occur in the natural environment (due to acid rain for example) in time with respect to pH [61]. Moreover, the amount of acid or base added to the suspension to keep the pH value at the predefined set-point gives a quantitative estimation of the Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC) or Basic Neutralizing Capacity (BNC) of the sample [61][62][63]. The parameters and the discussion addressing the Cr speciation and mobility are addressed elsewhere [64].…”
Section: Ph Batch Testsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This type of sampling indicates the physical combination and mixing of selected sampling units in the field in an effort to form a single homogeneous sample [9]. This sampling methodology can be very cost effective since it will reduce the number of analyses to be performed.…”
Section: Composite Samplingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By doing so, an improvement in the analytical precision is realized [40]. To improve representativity, Adriano [41] and van Herreweghe et al [9], used a composite sample that was collected according to a starlike pattern at each soil sampling point ( Figure 1K). This means that one sub-sample is collected at the predefined spot, while four additional sub samples were collected in four directions perpendicular to each other at a distance of one meter.…”
Section: Soil Samplesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 A capacidade de transferência dos constituintes da fase sólida para o lixiviado (lixiviabilidade) é determinada expondo-se o material a uma solução com características conhecidas e determinando-se o grau de dissolução dos contaminantes. 4 A lixiviabilidade dos componentes depende de diversos fatores: tamanho de partícula (área superficial exposta); temperatura (solubilidade dos solutos na água); tempo de contato (estabelecimento ou não do equilíbrio de lixiviação); 3,4 agitação; relação líquido/sólido; pH (um dos fatores dominantes da mobilidade, solubilidade, complexação e retenção de metais pesados em solos, sedimentos e resíduos); 5,6 condições redox (importante quando os compostos formados na presença de oxigênio têm diferença significativa na solubilidade em relação àqueles formados sob condições redutoras); presença de agentes complexantes, CO 2 e O 2 ; presença de matéria orgânica dissolvida e em suspensão (ela influencia a biodisponibilidade e a mobilidade de metais pesados); 7,8 presença de micro-organismos (intemperismo biológico). [1][2][3]9 A extensão da liberação de constituintes de um resíduo sólido em ensaios de lixiviação é fundamental para definir: 9,10 o potencial de impacto ambiental através do transporte pela água, incluindo solo, lençol freático e contaminação de água de superfície; os riscos ecológicos e para a saúde humana a partir da disposição inadequada no ambiente; a eficácia de processos de tratamento de resíduos para disposição final; projetos e critérios de aceitação para instalação de programas de gerenciamento de resíduos; o controle de qualidade e classificação dos produtos e resíduos; o modo de degradação dos materiais dispostos no meio ambiente.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified