Chemical and toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from diesel vehicles

Wang, Bei; Lau, Yik-Sze; Huang, Yuhan; Organ, Bruce; Chuang, Hsiao Chi; Ho, Steven Sai Hang; Qu, Linli; Lee, Shuncheng; Ho, Kin Fai

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124613

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The release of PM from modern cars has also been substantially reduced the recent years due to improved filter and catalysator technology. Thus, a particular reduction in EC, will shift the EC/OC ratio [ 63 ]. Furthermore, PM released from bitumen in asphalt which probably have a very low EC/OC ratio, may add to this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells

et al. 2022

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Background Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. Methods The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5–10 μm), fine (0.18–2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. Results The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm2) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. Conclusions The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells

et al. 2022

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“…LMW and MMW-PAHs, such as Nap, FL, Pyr, BaA and CHR, are compounds that have two to three rings. Those regarded as HMW-PAHs, with five to seven rings, were CYC, BbF, BkF, BeP, BaP, PER, DBA, BbC, IND, Bghip and COR (Dhital et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Total Pah Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission Reduction of NOx, CO, HC, PM2.5, and PAHs by Using a Catalyst in a Diesel Engine

Chou

Jhang

Lin

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Pollutants derived from diesel exhaust gases are considered harmful to human health. In 2021, 23 million motor vehicles were in use, and diesel cars accounted for 4.07% of them. Strategies involving after-treatment technologies, with exhaust gas processing incorporating a selective catalytic reaction (EGP-SCR system) for diesel engines, are considered in this study. By conducting a World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) under cold start driving test, this study measured pollutant emissions upstream and downstream of the after-treatment system. Our results indicate that equipped with EGP-SCR catalysts as after treatment device can eliminate particles and regulated pollutants from the engine out emissions. LMW g-PAHs (two-and three-ring PAHs) provided the largest contribution to exhaust emissions, accounting for more than 90% of total PAHs. After the EGP-SCR treatment was applied, LMW g-PAHs were identified the highest reduction followed by MMW g-PAHs and HMW g-PAHs. It is noteworthy that, the reduction of p-PAHs was related to the decrease of total particulate matter (PM2.5) when the SCR device was applied, and the reduction rate of 56.7% can be observed. However, low exhaust temperature of the diesel engine leads to the activity of the SCR catalyst being reduced, and it was thus not capable of decomposing PAHs effectively. The ILCR values for g-PAHs were 1.93 × 10 -3 and 1.45 × 10 -3 in adults and children, respectively, indicating potential health risk in this study. The data reveal that the EGP-SCR system can effectively decline regulated and help avoid inhalation of carcinogenic substances (PM2.5). Moreover, g-PAHs create serious carcinogenic hazards, cannot be suppressed by the EGP-SCR after-treatment system under cold start condition.

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“…Considering the enhanced oxidative stress signature observed in both cell types in response to DEP, we explored the role of anti-oxidants Nacetyl cysteine (NAC) or Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in response to DEP on alveolar epithelial cells; we used A549 (alveolar type II) cells, which have been previously used to study air pollutants and DEP (Ou et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). To identify the ROS production, the A549 cells were stained with DCFDA after treatments of DEP (200 μg/mL) ± NAC (1 mM) or MitoQ (1 μM).…”

Section: Effects Of Anti-oxidants Nac Mitoq and Wnt/β-catenin Activat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Exhaust Particles Distort the Lung Epithelial Progenitors and Their Fibroblast Niche

Wu¹,

Ciminieri

Bos³

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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Chemical and toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from diesel vehicles

Cited by 40 publications

References 61 publications

Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells

Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells

Emission Reduction of NOx, CO, HC, PM2.5, and PAHs by Using a Catalyst in a Diesel Engine

Diesel Exhaust Particles Distort the Lung Epithelial Progenitors and Their Fibroblast Niche

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