Chemical and thermal conditions for the formation of stoichiometric LiNbO3

Ternary system Li2O–K2O–Nb2O5

“…The technical details of the material synthesis and crystal growth are given in refs. [5,7]. The starting materials used were Starck LN grade Nb 2 O 5 and Merck Suprapure K 2 CO 3 and Li 2 CO 3 pre-reacted in the solid phase.…”

“…from fluxes with starting composition of a [Li]/[Nb] ratio equal/or near to 1 and with various potassium oxide contents [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the present work, growth experiments have been conducted from various fluxes listed in Table 1.…”

“…In previous works [7][8], we reported phase equilibrium studies on the ternary system Li 2 O-K 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 . Part I [8] of this work presents in detail the solid-liquid equilibria near the LiNbO 3 compound.…”

Ternary system Li2O–K2O–Nb2O5

“…Data on the liquid-solid equilibria along the LiNbO 3 -K 2 O join up to 20 mol% K 2 O were reported by Polgár et al [15,16]. In this case, it was shown that the key parameter, which determines the composition of the growing crystal, is the crystallization temperature.…”

Inhomogeneity of composition in near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystal grown from Li rich melt

“…The optical homogeneity of TSSG--grown stoichiometric LiNbO 3 was compared with undoped off-congruent LiNbO 3 grown by the Czochralski method [13]. They determined the phase relations, the thermal and chemical conditions for the formation of the crystal [14,15], and concluded that beyond a given temperature threshold, that is independent of the K 2 O content, the crystal growth is stoichiometric. This paper focuses on the study of composition homogeneity of Czochralski--grown near-stoichiometric LiNbO 3 crystals.…”