Chemical and Physical Properties of Overburdens and Minesoils

Sobek, A.A.; Skousen, Jeff; Fisher, S.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr41.c4

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The presence of siderite and ankerite leads to the overestimation of the tailings' NP when it is calculated based on the carbonate content. This was confirmed by comparing the NP calculated based on carbonate contents with that determined using the Sobek method (1978) [36] as modified by [54] ( Figure S1). The overestimation of NP based on carbonate contents ranged between 10% and 54%.…”

Section: Effect Of Fe-mn Carbonates On the Tailings' Neutralization Psupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The paste pH of solid samples was analyzed using a pH meter after adding 5 mL of deionized water to 2.5 g of tailings; this method has a precision of ±0.02 units. The acid generation potential (AP) of each sample was calculated using the sulfide content (AP = 31.25 × %S-sulfide) [36,37]. The neutralization potential (NP) was calculated using the carbon content and using the Sobek method (NP = 83.3 × %C-carbonates) [7,36,[38][39][40] with a correction factor of 50% applied due to presence of Fe-Mn carbonates.…”

Section: Acid Generation Potential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acid generation potential (AP) of each sample was calculated using the sulfide content (AP = 31.25 × %S-sulfide) [36,37]. The neutralization potential (NP) was calculated using the carbon content and using the Sobek method (NP = 83.3 × %C-carbonates) [7,36,[38][39][40] with a correction factor of 50% applied due to presence of Fe-Mn carbonates. These phases overestimate the NP as calculated based on the carbon content ( Figure S1); further details are provided in Section 3.…”

Section: Acid Generation Potential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/3/180/s1. Figure S1: Graph comparing the NP calculated based on carbonate contents and NP analyzed using the Sobek method (1978) [36] as modified by Lawrence et Wang (1996) [67]. Figure S2: conceptual model illustrating the geochemical evolution of the Joutel tailings (Reproduced with permission from Elghali et al (2019) [19]; Table S1: Sampling depth of the collected samples.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Mapping of Acidity and Geochemical Properties of Oxidized Tailings within the Former Eagle/Telbel Mine Site

et al. 2019

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At some orphaned and abandoned mine sites, acid mine drainage can represent a complex challenge due to the advanced tailings' oxidation state as well as the combination of other factors. At the field scale, several parameters control sulfides' oxidation rates and, therefore, the acidity generation. The objective of this paper is to map the acidity and geochemical properties of oxidized tailings within a closed tailings storage facility. Based on systematic sampling, various geochemical parameters were measured within the oxidized Joutel tailings, including the: Neutralization potential, acid-generating potential, net neutralization potential, neutralization potential ratio, paste pH, thickness of oxidized, hardpan, and transition zones. The different parameters were integrated in geographical information system (GISs) databases to quantify the spatial variability of the acidity and geochemical properties of oxidized tailings. The oxidized tailings were characterized by low sulfide (mainly as pyrite) and carbonate (mainly as siderite/ankerite) contents compared to unweathered tailings. Acidic zones, identified based on paste pH, were located in the eastern portion of the southern zone and at the northern tip of the northern zone.Minerals 2019, 9, 180 2 of 23 released [9][10][11]. This phenomenon is known as acid mine drainage (AMD) or acid rock drainage (ARD). In some cases, drainage waters can be near-neutral in pH and still contain concentrations of elements that surpass environmental standards and regulations. This phenomenon is known as contaminated neutral drainage (CND) [12] or metal leaching (ML). The cost of mine site reclamation is influenced by the type and quality of drainages produced in TSFs [13].The process of sulfide oxidation can result in the generation of protons. This increases the acidity of pore waters and leads to the dissolution of carbonates, which buffer the acid. Depending on the geochemical conditions in the pore water, various reactions may occur, such as: Hydrolysis, precipitation,. During these reactions, the tailings' mineralogical composition can change significantly depending on the dissolution rates of sulfides, carbonates, and, to a lesser extent, silicates. As a result of oxidation, neutralization, and hydrolysis reactions, novel phases may precipitate. The most common secondary phases are ferric oxyhydroxides (e.g., goethite, ferrihydrite, lepidocrocite), gypsum, and iron sulfates. These secondary phases affect the geochemical behavior of tailings considerably [10].Ferric oxyhydroxides are known for their high affinity to limiting contaminant mobility through mechanisms, including co-precipitation, adsorption, and substitution. Under some specific conditions, the occurrence of secondary phases may also affect the hydrogeochemical behavior in TSFs by modifying the tailings' hydrogeological properties, such as porosity. For example, the formation of hardpan within TSFs affects the water balance and flow paths [18,19]. Hardpan formation is more likely to occur at orphaned or aban...

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Section: Effect Of Fe-mn Carbonates On the Tailings' Neutralization Psupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Acid Generation Potential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acid Generation Potential Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Mapping of Acidity and Geochemical Properties of Oxidized Tailings within the Former Eagle/Telbel Mine Site

et al. 2019

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“…Ciolkosz et al (1985) found that non-topsoiled mine soils in Pennsylvania ranging in age from 1 to 29 years since reclamation also had high rock fragment contents of 40 to 60% in the surface. Soils consisting of higher rock contents can have lower cation exchange capacity (CEC) and reduced water holding capacity (Sobek et al, 2000).…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Health Assessment in Reclaimed Mine Soils

Stutler¹

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my committee members, not only for their time, but for their wisdom and much needed input throughout the process of my research. I would also like to thank Dr. James Thompson for always pushing me to be my best, and for truly guiding me toward my love of soil science and pedology. Dr. John Grove (University of Kentucky) and Dr. Domingo Mata-Padrino also supported my research by providing expertise and help whenever they saw the opportunity. I am truly blessed to have had such a wonderful support system within academia to guide me along this wild and wonderful journey. I was fortunate enough to have many helping hands during my field sampling and laboratory work. I would like to thank the undergraduates who took time out of their busy summers and semesters to help me keep my research on schedule. I would not have been able to complete as much as I did without James McCain, Justice Price, Taylore Brown, Erin Mates, Dominic Ragusa and Connor Portner. They were always eager to learn and were a complete joy to work with. Last, but certainly not least, I want to thank my family. My mother, Laura Stutler, has always supported me along with all of my dreams, no matter what they might be. My father, Daniel Stutler, has taught me to challenge myself and to never back down, even when times get tough. My sisters, Cristin and Nicki, have supported me since I can remember, and never forget to give me an extra dose of sisterly love. I'd also like to thank my boyfriend, Carter Smith, for his unconditional love and support, and the late-night library dates and infinite amount of food he delivered to my office and lab. The little things really made all the difference. I am grateful and beyond blessed to have so much love and support surrounding me. Thank you all. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND JUSTIFICATION .

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Chemical, physical‐temporal and spatial changes in 25‐year‐old mine soils in Southeast Ohio

Demyan

Smeck

2021

Land Degrad Dev

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Reclaimed surface coal mines afford an opportunity to study initial pedogenic processes. This study sought to determine pedogenic processes active in a topsoiled* surface mine over 25 years. Soils were taken at 108 points from three grids in 1979 (1 year) and 2004 (25 years post-reclamation) across a 20 ha watershed. The upper darkened portion of the replaced soil (^A1, ca. 0-5 cm), lower portion of the replaced soil (^A2, ca. 5-15 cm), and spoil (^2C) were sampled. Exchangeable Ca 2+ increased from 4.3 cmol c kg À1 in 1979 to 8.2 cmol c kg À1 in 2004, and exchangeable Mg 2+ increased from 2.5 to 3.3 cmol c kg À1 . Soil organic carbon (SOC) increased from 0.59% to 4.05% providing evidence for humification and cycling of basic cations.SOC increases and structural development decreased bulk densities from 1.70 to 0.99 g cm À3 in the ^A1 and 1.70 to 1.24 g cm À3 in the ^A2. pH decreased in all horizons. In ^2C horizons, total sulfur decreased from 0.39% to 0.13% and electrical conductivity 3.34 dS m À1 to 1.01 dS m À1 , indicating probable pyrite oxidation and salt leaching. Soils classified as Anthroportic/Anthrodensic Udorthents, as three representative pedons lacked cambic horizons. Mine soil variograms indicated higher spatial dependency in ^A1 and ^A2 horizons in 2004 than 1979 (decreasing nugget: sill ratios), whereas ^2C horizons had lower spatial dependencies in 2004. This suggests that surface horizons are more influenced by soil forming factors than spoil, which is more influenced by 'random' conditions of reclamation and not in equilibrium.

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Chemical and Physical Properties of Overburdens and Minesoils

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Spatial Mapping of Acidity and Geochemical Properties of Oxidized Tailings within the Former Eagle/Telbel Mine Site

Spatial Mapping of Acidity and Geochemical Properties of Oxidized Tailings within the Former Eagle/Telbel Mine Site

Soil Health Assessment in Reclaimed Mine Soils

Chemical, physical‐temporal and spatial changes in 25‐year‐old mine soils in Southeast Ohio

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