Chemical and physical properties of bone cement for vertebroplasty

Abstract

Vertebral compression fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis. It may result in persistent severe pain and limited mobility, and significantly impacts the quality of life. Vertebroplasty involves a percutaneous injection of bone cement into the collapsed vertebrae by fluorescent guide. The most commonly used bone cement in percutaneous vertebroplasty is based on the polymerization of methylmethacrylate monomers to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymers. However, information on the properties of bone cement is mostly published in the biomaterial sciences literature, a source with which the clinical community is generally unfamiliar. This review focuses on the chemistry of bone cement polymerization and the physical properties of PMMA. The effects of altering the portions and contents of monomer liquid and polymer powders on the setting time, polymerization temperature, and compressive strength of the cement are also discussed. This information will allow spine surgeons to manipulate bone cement characteristics for specific clinical applications and improve safety.

Biocompatibility, bone healing, and safety evaluation in rabbits with an IlluminOss bone stabilization system

“…The effects observed with monomer alone appeared to be consistent with adverse effects associated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), widely used as a bone cement. Though in comparison to PMMA, the exothermic response of the IS material during curing is relatively low with in vitro core temperatures of ∼62°C versus ∼77°C for PMMA . Regardless, the release of liquid monomer without remediation is an extremely unlikely clinical event and thus would not pose an impediment to the use of the IS.…”

“…Though in comparison to PMMA, the exothermic response of the IS material during curing is relatively low with in vitro core temperatures of $62˚C versus $77˚C for PMMA. 25,32,33 Regardless, the release of liquid monomer without remediation is an extremely unlikely clinical event and thus would not pose an impediment to the use of the IS.…”

Modified Fixation of Acrylic Cranioplasty in the Setting of Titanium Allergy

“…When the polymer powder is mixed with monomer liquid, the polymerization process initiates, and the material rapidly hardens, providing good mechanical stability in minutes. 5 It is widely used in cranioplasty secondary to its ease of use and contouring, cost, strength, and radiolucency; however, major disadvantages include its highly exothermic polymerization process and poor tissue ingrowth. To reduce the potential damage to surrounding soft tissues, moistened neuropaddies are placed on the dura and the PMMA implant is continuously irrigated with saline as it hardens.…”

“…4 The origin of schwannomas arising from paranasal sinuses is presumed to be from the peripheral nerve sheaths of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerves and their ganglion. 5 Tumor expands by pushing the nerve sheath. The nerve fibers are stretched over its capsule.…”

Acute nontraumatic subdural intracranial hematoma: rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty

“…Со времени первого применения чрес-кожной вертеброплас тики д ля лечения агрессивной гемангиомы метод широко рас-пространен в практике [1][2][3]. Минимальная хирургическая агрессия и положительные ре-зультаты процедуры обеспечили ее широкую популярность.…”