Chemical and physical analysis of sandstone and relationship with weathering damage of Madâin Sâlih monuments

Medini, Hayet; Mgaidi, Arbi

doi:10.1080/16583655.2018.1451113

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Sandstone was used to construct the vaulted ceiling. It is composed mainly of quartz, anhydrite (CaSO 4 ), and ka-Al 2 (Si 2 O 5 )(OH) 4 [42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition Assessment of the Osiris Chapel Wall Paintings in Seti-I Temple, Abydos - Egypt

A-G,

F.,

2023

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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This paper describes the condition of the painted decorations inOsiris chapel and identifies their original materials and implementation techniques by studying the stratigraphic structure. It includes information on the accumulation of soot layers as the most effective deterioration factor in the chapel. In addition, it assesses and documents the condition. Investigations were carried out using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the blue pigment revealed Egyptian blue (Cuprorivaite), the green pigment was Egyptian green, the red pigment was red ochre, and the yellow pigment was yellow ochre. Furthermore, the used plaster layer is consisted of gypsum, the vaulted ceiling is constructed by sandstone, and the walls were built from fine crystalline limestone. The accumulated soot was noticed as black particles under the optical microscope, which showed as dark gray composed of graphite according to XRD that was composed of carbon as EDX result and graphite according to XRD. The hydrophobic coatings in the presence of external agents could trigger multiple deterioration mechanisms. The documentation of the wall paintings' condition was done via Autocad and Photoshop layers.

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“…Sandstone was used to construct the vaulted ceiling. It is composed mainly of quartz, anhydrite (CaSO 4 ), and ka-Al 2 (Si 2 O 5 )(OH) 4 [42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition Assessment of the Osiris Chapel Wall Paintings in Seti-I Temple, Abydos - Egypt

A-G,

F.,

2023

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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“…Quartz is considered the main component in sandstones, while some small parts are found in feldspar, mica, clay minerals, ferrous minerals, and carbonates [24]. sandstone properties are changed by the presence of various minerals in cement materials such as silicon dioxide, iron oxides, iron hydroxide, clay, and calcium carbonate [25] in addition to the size of the granules, the degree of screening, the degree of rotation of the particles, the mineral composition, the sedimentation rate of the cement materials, the types of cement, and the texture of sandstone [26].…”

Section: Sandstone Building Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mud Wasps and Its Role in the Destruction of Ancient Buildings in Application to the Temple of Isis in the Temple of Dandara, Qena, Egypt and Methods of Prevention

Abd-Elkareem¹,

Fouad²

2022

JBCPR

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“…Degradation of claystone increases while moisture content increases and many microstructures of fissuring are noted [24]. Kaolinite is determined to be a non-swelling type [25]. The strength of claystone increases by approximately 40%, while temperature increases up to 450°C [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation of Exposure Time and Claystone Properties at the Warukin Formation Indonesia

Supandi¹

2018

GEOMATE

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The deterioration of claystone material was studied by observing a mine slope after digging. An understanding of the degradation of material properties based on field characteristics was required for a detailed slope stability analysis. Experiments were carried out to investigate the correlation of exposure time and the degradation of the mechanical properties of claystone. The methods used in this research include direct field observation and measurements taken from samples of claystone. Claystone samples with different exposure times were obtained from the mine slope face. The exposure time was calculated from the time the slope was dug (when mining started). Determination of the mechanical properties was conducted using undrained, unconsolidated triaxial testing and uniaxial testing. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the mineralogical homogeneity of the claystone. An empirical analysis was carried out by plotting the exposure time against the mechanical properties on a scatter diagram. The degree of correlation was one parameter used to determine the relationship between the exposure time and material behavior. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the time span of exposure correlates strongly with material properties due to weathering and degradation. The decline in strength was accelerated after the material is exposed. Strength gradually decreased to moderate after 200 days of exposure. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of claystone material will be stabilizing after 400 days. The results of the analysis were very important in predicting the behavior of claystone with exposure time on a slope.

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Chemical and physical analysis of sandstone and relationship with weathering damage of Madâin Sâlih monuments

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Condition Assessment of the Osiris Chapel Wall Paintings in Seti-I Temple, Abydos - Egypt

Condition Assessment of the Osiris Chapel Wall Paintings in Seti-I Temple, Abydos - Egypt

Mud Wasps and Its Role in the Destruction of Ancient Buildings in Application to the Temple of Isis in the Temple of Dandara, Qena, Egypt and Methods of Prevention

The Correlation of Exposure Time and Claystone Properties at the Warukin Formation Indonesia

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