Chemical and odor characterization of gas emissions released during composting of solid wastes and digestates

Rincón, Carlos; Guardia, A. de; Couvert, Annabelle; Roux, Sophie; Soutrel, Isabelle; Daumoin, Mylène; Benoist, J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.009

Cited by 89 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows the daily odour emission rates (OER) obtained during the SS composting process, together with the average temperature of the reactor and the specific airflow. Similarly to other works where odour emission from SS composting were studied [24,42], the profiles of odour emission reached its maximum during the thermophilic phase, when biological activity is higher and then tended to decrease as temperature and biological activity decreased. In fact, the distribution of the odour emissions during the whole SS composting process shows that more than 64% of these emissions happened during the thermophilic phase of the process, whereas the rest was divided between the pre-thermophilic and the mesophilic stages.…”

Section: Nh 3 H 2 S Tvocs and Odour Emissionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…On the other hand, few works dealing with the OEFs of SS biological treatment have been found. However, [42] evaluated the OEFs of different substrates in a 300 L aerated pilot-scale reactor, reporting an OEF of 9.35 × 10 8 ou•Mg −1 DM-SS for SS composting and [24] obtained an OEF of 9.45 × 10 7 ou•Mg −1 DM-SS in a full-scale sewage sludge composting plant. For SS composting, different ranges of target pollutants and odour concentrations can be found in literature depending on the characteristics of the feedstocks or the composting process itself [43][44][45].…”

Section: Nh 3 H 2 S Tvocs and Odour Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

et al. 2020

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Many different alternatives exist to manage and treat sewage sludge, all with the common drawback of causing environmental and odour impacts. The main objective of this work is to present a full inventory of the gaseous and odorous emissions generated during the bench-scale composting of conventional sewage sludge, aiming at assessing the process performance and providing global valuable information of the different gaseous emission patterns and emission factors found for greenhouse gases (GHG) and odorant pollutants during the conventional sewage sludge composting process. The main process parameters evaluated were the temperature of the material, specific airflow, average oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and final dynamic respiration index (DRI), resulting in a proper performance of the sewage sludge composting process and obtaining the expected final product. The obtained material was properly stabilized, presenting a final DRI of 1.2 ± 0.2 g O2·h−1·kg−1 Volatile Solids (VS). GHGs emission factor, in terms of kg CO2eq·Mg−1 dry matter of sewage sludge (DM–SS), was found to be 2.30 × 102. On the other hand, the sewage sludge composting odour emission factor (OEF) was 2.68 × 107ou·Mg−1 DM–SS. Finally, the most abundant volatile organic compounds (VOC) species found in the composting gaseous emissions were terpenes, sulphur compounds, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas the major odour contributors identified were dimethyldisulphide, eucalyptol, and α-pinene.

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Section: Nh 3 H 2 S Tvocs and Odour Emissionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Nh 3 H 2 S Tvocs and Odour Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, often, VOCs, which are responsible for the odor properties of gaseous mixtures, are present at concentrations in the range of ppb or even ppt, which is lower than the instrumental detection Atmosphere 2020, 11, 92 6 of 27 limit. Therefore, pre-concentration techniques are commonly adopted before GC-MS. Common pre-concentration techniques include adsorption of the static headspace on active carbons followed by thermal desorption (TD), purge and trapping, and solid phase microextraction (SPME) [34,35].…”

Section: Applicability and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Odors Be Measured? An Overview of Methods and Their Applications

2020

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In recent years, citizens' attention towards air quality and pollution has increased significantly, and nowadays, odor pollution related to different industrial activities is recognized as a well-known environmental issue. For this reason, odors are subjected to control and regulation in many countries, and specific methods for odor measurement have been developed and standardized over the years. This paper, conceived within the H2020 D-NOSES project, summarizes odor measurement techniques, highlighting their applicability, advantages, and limits, with the aim of providing experienced as well as non-experienced users a useful tool that can be consulted in the management of specific odor problems for evaluating and identifying the most suitable approach. The paper also presents relevant examples of the application of the different methods discussed, thereby mainly referring to scientific articles published over the last 10 years.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 92 2 of 27 •Citizen science.Dynamic olfactometry and field inspection are the only methods specifically developed for odor measurement, which have been standardized at the European level [5][6][7].Other techniques, involving chemical characterization, are consolidated analytical techniques, commonly adopted to provide information about the odor properties of gaseous mixtures.Conversely, methods based on citizen science are quite new. Those techniques, based on the active involvement of citizens, have been proposed in recent years to address socio-environmental conflicts within the impacted communities [8,9]. In particular, these programs consist of the active involvement of citizens in the mapping and management of odor pollution problems, thereby allowing co-creation of local solutions together with industries, regional and local authorities, and odor experts [10,11]. With the aim to develop such innovative approaches based on so-called "extreme citizen science", in 2018, the Distributed Network for Odor Sensing, Empowerment, and Sustainability (D-NOSES) project was presented and has received funding from the European's Union Horizon 2020 Science with and for Society Call (SwafS) under grant agreement No. 789315. This project proposes a holistic approach, based on the cooperation of key stakeholders (citizens, regional and local authorities, industries, and odor experts) for the mapping and co-design of solutions, to researching, building, and suggesting an appropriate regulatory framework. Recognizing the lack of information about odor pollution and management as a limit for the successful adoption of citizen science for the management of odor problems, this review paper was conceived within the H2020 D-NOSES project with the purpose of raising awareness about odor pollution and providing a scientific background concerning odor impact assessment methods, which can be used by experienced as well as non-experienced users.This paper presents an overview of the methods that can be used for odor measurement, thereby excluding odor impact assessment techniques based on mat...

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“…However, these papers did not take into account odor properties of the sludge before and after the fermentation process. The importance of the issue of further processing of the post-fermentation sludge is highlighted in the works of Ricón et al In [26], it was demonstrated that the composting of post-fermentation sludge generates emissions in the range of app. 30 ou E per gram of the initial content of the composted matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are the adjustment of the process parameters in such a way as to minimize the odor nuisance of the post-fermentation sludge, and the use of the lowest possible number of instruments for measurements in order to reduce the cost of process control. The former issue can be solved by using combinatory techniques for odor analysis, such as sensory and instrumental methods [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Trees to Predict the Degree of Odor Nuisance of Post-Digestion Sludge in the Sewage Treatment Plant Process

2019

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This paper presents the application of artificial neural networks and decision trees for the prediction of odor properties of post-fermentation sludge from a biological-mechanical wastewater treatment plant. The input parameters were concentrations of popular compounds present in the sludge, such as toluene, p-xylene, and p-cresol, and process parameters including the concentration of volatile fatty acids, pH, and alkalinity in the fermentation sludge. The analyses revealed that the implementation of artificial neural networks allowed the prediction of the values of odor intensity and the hedonic tone of the post-fermentation sludge at the level of 30% mean absolute percentage error. Application of the decision tree made it possible to determine what input parameters the fermentation feed should have in order to arrive at the post-fermentation sludge with an odor intensity <2 and hedonic tone >−1. It was shown that the aforementioned phenomenon was influenced by the following factors: concentration of p-xylene, pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids, and concentration of p-cresol.

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Chemical and odor characterization of gas emissions released during composting of solid wastes and digestates

Cited by 89 publications

References 62 publications

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

Characterization of the Gaseous and Odour Emissions from the Composting of Conventional Sewage Sludge

How Can Odors Be Measured? An Overview of Methods and Their Applications

The Use of Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Trees to Predict the Degree of Odor Nuisance of Post-Digestion Sludge in the Sewage Treatment Plant Process

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