Chemical and morphological modification of softwood and hardwood surfaces by an oxygen glow discharge plasma

Jamali, Arash; Evans, Philip D.

doi:10.1080/02773813.2022.2113539

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The lignin content of rays in basswood was greater than that of non-ray tissues (23.9% versus 22.3%). Lignin is more resistant to plasma etching than hemicellulose and cellulose [33], and therefore, the higher lignin content of rays may also explain why they persisted at plasma-etched surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, plasma treatment shares some similarities with gamma irradiation as both irradiate wood with high-energy particles, and the effects of gamma radiation on wood resemble those resulting from prolonged plasma treatment [42,43]. For example, both plasma treatment and gamma irradiation preferentially degrade hemicelluloses and celluloses, and as a result, lignin-rich regions of wood cell walls, such as the middle lamella and S3 layer, become more prominent following the treatments [32,33,42,43]. One study of the ultrastructure of gamma-irradiated Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) and tulip wood or yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) noted that the cell walls of ray parenchyma were more resistant to gamma irradiation than tracheid walls [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6.2.) was used to obtain the depth of etching and to provide topographical images of the plasma-treated samples [33]. To quantify depth of etching, a 3 × 3 mm area containing the masked and unmasked parts of the plasma-treated surface was scanned with a 3 mm probe at a resolution of 301 × 301 points and a spacing of 10 µm.…”

Section: Confocal Profilometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both have been shown to influence the plasma etching of wood. For example, thicker-walled tracheids in yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis D. Don) are more prominent than thinner-walled tracheids following plasma etching [31], and lignin-rich areas of cell walls such as the middle lamella are more resistant to etching than areas rich in holocellulose [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Etching of Rays at Wood Surfaces Exposed to an Oxygen Glow Discharge Plasma

Cheng,

Ma,

Evans

2024

Materials

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Basswood samples were exposed to oxygen glow-discharge plasmas for 30 min, and etching of radial and tangential longitudinal surfaces was measured. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between etching and plasma energy, and differential etching of wood surfaces because of variation in the microstructure and chemical composition of different woody tissues. Etching at the surface of basswood samples was examined using profilometry. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the microstructure of samples exposed to plasma. There was a large effect of plasma energy on etching of basswood surfaces, and radial surfaces were etched to a greater extent than tangential surfaces. However, rays at radial surfaces were more resistant to etching than fibers, resulting in greater variation in the etching of radial versus tangential surfaces. The same phenomenon occurred at radial surfaces of balsa wood, jelutong and New Zealand white pine subjected to plasma etching. The possible reasons for the greater resistance of rays to plasma etching are explored, and it is suggested that such differential etching of wood surfaces may impose a limitation on the use of plasma to precisely etch functional patterns at wood surfaces (raised pillars, grooves), as has been done with other materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Profilometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Differential Etching of Rays at Wood Surfaces Exposed to an Oxygen Glow Discharge Plasma

Cheng,

Ma,

Evans

2024

Materials

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Super‐Black Material Created by Plasma Etching Wood

Cheng,

Feng,

Schmidt

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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A super‐black wood with low reflectivity in the UV/Vis range is created by plasma modifying basswood surfaces. Here the super‐black wood is characterized, the process used to make it is described and its possible practical uses are discussed. Wood samples are exposed to oxygen glow‐discharge plasma. Transverse surfaces exposed to high‐energy plasma have a deep‐black velvety appearance. The reflectance of these surfaces is measured and compared with those of commercial super‐black materials. The reflectivity of samples over a narrower wavelength range is measured with a spectrophotometer and converted into lightness values. The microstructure and surface chemistry of super‐black wood are examined using SEM/X‐ray micro‐CT and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. Transverse basswood samples modified with high‐energy plasma have reflectivity averaging 0.68% (300–700 nm). The super‐black color of plasma‐modified wood is retained when it is coated with gold/vanadium alloy indicating structural coloration. Plasma creates a low density, lignin‐enriched surface with deep pits, columns and tangled fibrils; features also found in synthetic super‐black materials. In conclusion, this method of creating a super‐black material by plasma‐modification of basswood does not require a lithography pre‐step, generates no liquid waste and, as is demonstrated here, can be used to prototype luxury consumer products.

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Chemical and morphological modification of softwood and hardwood surfaces by an oxygen glow discharge plasma

Cited by 2 publications

References 50 publications

Differential Etching of Rays at Wood Surfaces Exposed to an Oxygen Glow Discharge Plasma

Differential Etching of Rays at Wood Surfaces Exposed to an Oxygen Glow Discharge Plasma

Super‐Black Material Created by Plasma Etching Wood

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