Chemical and morphological characterization of TSP and PM2.5 by SEM-EDS, XPS and XRD collected in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico

González, Lucy T.; Rodríguez, F.E. Longoria; Sánchez-Domínguez, Margarita; Leyva‐Porras, César; Silva-Vidaurri, L.G.; Acuña‐Askar, Karim; Kharisov, Boris I.; Villarreal-Chiu, Juan Francisco; Barbosa, Juan Manuel Alfaro

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.053

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In the MMA, several studies have been conducted to chemically characterize the ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Badillo-Casta ñeda et al. 2015;Blanco-Jiménez et al 2015;Garza-Oca ñas et al 2010;González et al 2016;González Cárdenas 2014;Mancilla et al 2016;Martínez et al 2012), and other studies have used these chemical characterizations to carry out source apportionment calculations (Mancilla et al 2016;Martínez et al 2012) and develop chemical emission profiles for PM 2.5 (Mancilla, Araizaga, and Mendoza 2012;Medina Gaitán 2015;Valdez Cerda et al 2011). However, many of these studies have focused on PM 2.5 ; only Blanco-Jim énez et al (2015) estimated a preliminary source contribution for PM c .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Mancilla

Hernández‐Paniagua

Mendoza

2019

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The ambient air of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA) in Mexico frequently exhibits high levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5. However, no information exists on the chemical composition of coarse particles (PM c = PM 10-PM 2.5). A monitoring campaign was conducted during the summer of 2015, during which 24-hr average PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples were collected using high-volume filter-based instruments to chemically characterize the fine and coarse fractions of the PM. The collected samples were analyzed for anions (Cl-, NO 3-, SO 4 2-), cations (Na + , NH 4 + , K +), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 35 trace elements (Al to Pb). During the campaign, the average PM 2.5 concentrations did not showed significance differences among sampling sites, whereas the average PM c concentrations did. In addition, the PM c accounted for 75% to 90% of the PM 10 across the MMA. The average contribution of the main chemical species to the total mass indicated that geological material including Ca, Fe, Si, and Al (45%) and sulfates (11%) were the principal components of PM c , whereas sulfates (54%) and organic matter (30%) were the principal components of PM 2.5. The OC-to-EC ratio for PM c ranged from 4.4 to 13, whereas that for PM 2.5 ranged from 3.97 to 6.08. The estimated contribution of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) to the total mass of organic aerosol in PM 2.5 was estimated to be around 70-80%; for PM c , the contribution was lower (20-50%). The enrichment factors (EF) for most of the trace elements exhibited high values for PM 2.5 (EF: 10-1000) and low values for PM c (EF: 1-10). Given the high contribution of crustal elements and the high values of EFs, PM c is heavily influenced by soil resuspension and PM 2.5 by anthropogenic sources. Finally, the airborne particles found in the eastern region of the MMA were chemically distinguishable from those in its western region. Implications: Concentration and chemical composition patterns of fine and coarse particles can vary significantly across the MMA. Public policy solutions have to be built based on these observations. There is clear evidence that the spatial variations in the MMA's coarse fractions are influenced by clearly recognizable primary emission sources, while fine particles exhibit a homogeneous concentration field and a clear spatial pattern of increasing secondary contributions. Important reductions in the coarse fraction can come from primary particles' emission controls; for fine particles, control of gaseous precursors-particularly sulfur-containing species and organic compounds-should be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Mancilla

Hernández‐Paniagua

Mendoza

2019

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The calciumrich particles usually showed more roundness than other particles [23]. There were also Si-rich particles (95.47 nm and 139.8 nm), which were characterized by a prismatic, regular morphology typically observed in crystalline materials [16]. Figure 4c, d shows the mass fractions of heavy metals.…”

Section: Apparent Composition Analysis Of Ultrafine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…SEM offers the possibility to relate visually the morphology and size. XPS provides qualitative and semiquantitative information regarding the chemical composition, oxidation state and bonding energy of the elements composing the particles [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and growth mechanisms of ultrafine particles in sludge-incineration flue gas

Man

Fang

et al. 2019

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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Atmospheric particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm now makes up much of the air pollution in China, but it is the ultrafine particles (UFPs) with diameter < 90 nm that are of particular interest. This is because UFPs are strongly linked with human health for two reasons: they contain a variety of hazardous substances and they can deeply penetrate human respiratory systems. Therefore, scanning electron microscopy combined with X-ray dispersive energy spectrometry was used to characterize the morphology and surface texture, as well as the elemental composition of 60 UFPs. The UFPs was generated in a sewage sludge-incineration power plant in Zhejiang Province. This was done to determine the microstructure of the ultrafine particles and to follow the evolution of particle surface elemental composition with increasing particle size. Then, a comparison of the characteristic time for nucleation, condensation and coagulation was done to estimate the dominant mechanism. The results show that the UFPs have generally irregular shapes (cotton-like, irregular balls, sheets, etc.) and that they usually aggregate to form a mass. With increase in the size of a UFP, the mass fraction of the elements presents clearly changed: Na, K and Fe gradually decreased; while Ca, Si and Al, as well as the heavy metals Cu, Zn and Ni increased. Characteristic time estimation is a convenient and effective tool for identifying the predominant mechanisms during combustion. In this study, calculations of characteristic time were used to reveal a mechanism of vaporization, nucleation, condensation and coagulation, which drives the formation and growth of ultrafine particles.

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“…There are many ways to characterize the organic and inorganic compounds, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), [33][34][35][36][37][38] in which TOF-SIMS is one of the important research tools, [39][40][41][42][43] because more convincing results can be obtained than other analytical techniques in the identification of compounds. Currently, TOF-SIMS has been applied to many fields including surface characteristics of aerosol particles, the depth distribution characteristics of chemical composition, surface chemical reactions, chemical toxicity, and emission characteristics of pollution sources.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Component Determination and Their Formation of PM_2.5

Wang¹,

Zheng²,

Jing³

et al. 2019

sci adv mater

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Informatics analysis on inorganic compounds, surface imaging and depth profiling were carried out for PM 2.5 using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) during different haze periods (autumn and winter). Both positive ions, such as NH + 4 negative ions, such as NO − 2 , NO − 3 , SO 2− 3 , SO 2− 4 , O − , Cl − , CN − and H − , were detected in the samples. Along with the increase of the depth, the signal intensity became weaker and weaker for most of the inorganic ions, however, it could be stronger for a few of them due to the variation of chemical behaviors. Moreover, the source analysis was performed, and the results indicated that PM 2.5 was mainly derived from biomass combustion and fossil combustion in this area. This paper is useful to provide a tool to study the PM 2.5 around the world.

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Chemical and morphological characterization of TSP and PM2.5 by SEM-EDS, XPS and XRD collected in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Formation and growth mechanisms of ultrafine particles in sludge-incineration flue gas

Component Determination and Their Formation of PM_2.5

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Chemical and morphological characterization of TSP and PM2.5 by SEM-EDS, XPS and XRD collected in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Spatial differences in ambient coarse and fine particles in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico: Implications for source contribution

Formation and growth mechanisms of ultrafine particles in sludge-incineration flue gas

Component Determination and Their Formation of PM2.5

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Component Determination and Their Formation of PM_2.5