Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Malaysian Monazite Concentrate

Udayakumar, Sanjith; Noor, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd; Rezan, Sheikh Abdul; Putra, Teuku Andika Rama; Anderson, Corby

doi:10.1007/s42461-019-00173-w

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…From the XRD diagram, only zircon and monazite minerals appeared clearly as shown in Fig. 4b) (Abel Wahab et al, 2022;Liu et al 2016;Udayakumar et al 2020) which proved the presence of these two minerals unambiguously.…”

Section: Heavy Fraction Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Preparation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles from rosette concentrate using two distinct and sequential techniques: hydrothermal and fusion digestion

et al. 2023

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The preparation of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2-NPs) as hard ceramics was accomplished from rosette zircon concentrate through two consecutive alkaline digestion reactions. The rosette zircon concentration in the Abu Khashaba area consists mainly of zircon and monazite minerals. Using different operating conditions, the hydrothermal digestion by autoclave and the conventional alkaline fusion methods was performed upon the non-magnetic concentrate of rosette in order to complete the removal of monazite firstly and to complete the purification of zircon metal secondly. All monazite content and undesirable impurities were removed by the hydrothermal method using optimal digestion conditions such as 4 mol/L NaOH solutions, 1/6 solid to liquid, 2 h dissolving time, and a temperature of 423 K. The residual zircon (84% Zr) was subjected to complete digestion using NaOH with a zircon-to-alkali ratio of 1/1.5 and a fusion temperature of 923 K. ZrO2-NPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique at 473 K for 7 h. The calcined ZrO2-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scan electron microscope, and transmittance electron microscope. Purified silica was also obtained as a by-product from washing solutions of fused zircon.

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Section: Heavy Fraction Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Preparation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles from rosette concentrate using two distinct and sequential techniques: hydrothermal and fusion digestion

et al. 2023

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“…In other cases, lower REE concentrations in tailings were considered of interest, as was the case of the Kiirunavaara iron deposit [46] and in a copper flotation plant of Australia [47]. Other tin mining activities consider REE of interest for recovery as a by-product [48,49], such as thorium-rich monazite from Malaysia [50]. In contrast to this example, monazite from Llallagua has the advantage of being Th-poor [14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Mineralogy of the Tailings from Llallagua: Towards a Sustainable Activity

et al. 2022

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There are significant tin reserves in the dumps and tailings from Llallagua. Currently, this waste is being processed using gravity concentration or a combination of gravity concentration with a final stage of froth flotation. A process mineralogy study of the tailings and their products after processing in Llallagua was carried out to determine the failings of the processing system in order to contribute to designing an improved new processing scheme. The mineralogy of the feed tailings, concentrate, and final tailings was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mineral liberation analysis. The tailings were composed of quartz, tourmaline, illite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, cassiterite, rutile, zircon, and monazite. The concentrate essentially contains cassiterite (57.4 wt.%), tourmaline, quartz, hematite, rutile and rare earth minerals, mainly monazite and minor amounts of xenotime and florencite. The concentrate contained 52–60 wt.% of SnO2 and 0.9–1.3 wt.% REE. The final tailings contained 0.23–0.37 wt.% SnO2 and 0.02 wt.% of Rare Earth Elements (REE). Only 57.6 wt.% of cassiterite from the concentrate was liberated. The non-liberated cassiterite was mainly associated with quartz, tourmaline, and rutile. The average grain size of monazite was 45 µm and 57.5 wt.% of this was liberated. In other cases, it occurs in mixed particles associated with tourmaline, quartz, cassiterite, and muscovite. To improve the sustainability of this mining activity, the concentrate grade and the metal recovery must be improved. Reducing the particle size reduction of the processed tailings would increase the beneficiation process rates. In addition, the recovery of the REE present in the concentrate as a by-product should be investigated.

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“…concentrated from the other by-product minerals (xenotime, ilmenite, and zircon) through physical separation methods, namely gravity, magnetic and electrostatic separation and accompanied by flotation process (Jordens et al, 2013). The monazite concentrate comprises small quantities of cassiterite (SnO2), zircon (ZrSiO4), quartz (SiO2), rutile (TiO2), ilmenite (FeTiO3), xenotime (YPO4), Ca-apatite, and K-feldspars (Udayakumar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature carbothermal dephosphorization of Malaysian monazite

Udayakumar¹,

Rezan²,

Baharun³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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High-temperature carbothermal reduction experiments with graphite powder were conducted to assess the dephosphorization behavior of Malaysian monazite concentrate. Thermodynamic analysis of the possible dephosphorization reactions was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the carbothermal reduction of the monazite phases. The effects of temperature, particle size, and monazite to carbon ratio were then investigated under different conditions. The carbothermal reduction experiments were conducted based on the Taguchi design method, and up to 97% of phosphorous removal was achieved under optimized conditions. The optimal conditions for dephosphorization were determined as; a reduction temperature of 1350 °C, a particle size of -75 µm, and monazite to carbon molar ratio of 0.3. Microstructural and phase characterization of the dephosphorized products revealed that CeO2, Nd2O3, La2O3, and Pr2O3 oxide phases were prominent, and no residual peaks of monazite remained in the reduced products. The information gained from the study can aid in the design of a suitable post-dephosphorization hydrometallurgical treatment for exploiting Malaysian monazite as a local source of REEs.

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Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Malaysian Monazite Concentrate

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Preparation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles from rosette concentrate using two distinct and sequential techniques: hydrothermal and fusion digestion

Preparation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles from rosette concentrate using two distinct and sequential techniques: hydrothermal and fusion digestion

Process Mineralogy of the Tailings from Llallagua: Towards a Sustainable Activity

High-temperature carbothermal dephosphorization of Malaysian monazite

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