Chemical and mechanical reprocessed resins and bio-composites based on five epoxidized vegetable oils thermosets reinforced with flax fibers or PLA woven

Mauro, Chiara Di; Genua, Aratz; Rymarczyk, Monica; Dobbels, Caroline; Malburet, Samuel; Graillot, Alain; Mija, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108678

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) are widely used in automotive industry, aerospace, sport equipment, and so forth owing to their low mass, superior mechanical properties, and high corrosion resistance. − Thermosetting resins are often used as CFRC matrices because of their simple preparation procedure, source abundance, and high performance. − However, thermoset matrices have insoluble and nonmelting properties because of their 3D permanent cross-linked network, which hinders the degradation and reuse of CFRCs. − Even worse, the disposal of thermoset matrices through landfill and incineration has caused serious environmental pollution and waste of resources . In addition, thermoset matrices are usually fabricated from petroleum-based products, which are not sustainable. − Therefore, the preparation of degradable bio-based CFRC matrices and the efficient recovery of high-value CFs from CFRCs are still challenging. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprocessable, Self-Adhesive, and Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using a Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Bio-Based Vitrimer Matrix

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The application of carbon fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) is limited owing to the difficulty of chemically recycling carbon fibers (CFs). To address this problem, we cured tung oil-based triglycidyl ester (TOTGE) with menthane diamine (MDA) in order to obtain a chemically degradable bio-based vitrimer matrix. The obtained vitrimer matrix could undergo a dynamic transesterification reaction catalyzed by the tertiary amines generated from the curing reaction. The TOTGE−MDA vitrimer matrix shows excellent self-healing performance, physical reprocessing, and shape memory properties. Meanwhile, CFRCs based on the TOTGE−MDA vitrimer matrix also exhibited excellent reprocessing, self-adhesive, and shape memory properties. The CFRC underwent rapid chemical degradation with ethanolamine at 90 °C. The performance of the recycled CFs was similar to that of the virgin CFs. This work provides an effective solution to facilitate the sustainable development of CFRCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprocessable, Self-Adhesive, and Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using a Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Bio-Based Vitrimer Matrix

Dai

Zhang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The possibility of using chemically unmodified fibres is not trivial, as this aspect is reported to be a critical point [ 55 ]. Some interesting results on effective matrix–fibre interactions have been recently reported in the preparation of thermosets based on epoxidized vegetable oils and reinforced with flax fibres [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styrene-Free Bio-Based Thermosetting Resins with Tunable Properties Starting from Vegetable Oils and Terpenes

Bertini

Vignali

Marelli³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The substitution of fossil-based monomers in the thermosetting formulations is a fundamental issue to face the environmental concerns related to the use of traditional resins. In this paper, styrene-free thermosetting resins were prepared to start from vegetable oils with different compositions and unsaturation degrees, namely soybean, hempseed, and linseed oils. Using terpenic comonomers such as limonene and β-myrcene allows one to prepare thermosets avoiding the traditional fossil-based diluents such as styrene, thus obtaining an outstanding gain in terms of both environmental and safety concerns. Furthermore, the materials obtained reveal tunable physical properties upon the proper choice of the monomers, with glass transition temperature ranging from 40 to 80 °C and Young’s modulus ranging from 200 to 1800 MPa. The possibility of preparing composite materials starting from the resins prepared in this way and natural fibres has also been explored due to the potential applications of bio-based composites in several industrial sectors.

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“…Similar values were typically displayed by similar polymers derived from the recycling of bio-based epoxies cured by cleavable ammines [ 12 ]. Reprocessable bio-based epoxy cured using an aromatic disulfide crosslinker with diacid functionality displayed, after recycling, a glass transition temperature between 65 and 73 °C [ 26 ]. Slightly higher (i.e., 80 °C) and even lower (i.e., 18 °C) Tg values were obtained by the same group, varying the epoxy precursor among different epoxidized linseed and soybean oils cured by 2,2′-dithiodibenzoic acid [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Recyclable Bio-Based Epoxy Formulations Using Epoxidized Precursors from Waste Flour: Thermal and Mechanical Characterization

et al. 2021

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Organic wastes represent an increasing pollution problem due to the exponential growth of their presence in the waste stream. Among these, waste flour cannot be easily reused by transforming it into high-value-added products. Another major problem is represented by epoxy-based thermosets, which have wide use but also poor recyclability. The object of the present paper is, therefore, to analyze both of these problems and come up with innovative solutions. Indeed, we propose a completely new approach, aimed at reusing the organic waste flour, by converting it into high-value epoxy-based thermosets that could be fully recycled into a reusable plastic matrix when added to the waste epoxy-based thermosets. Throughout the research activity, the organic waste was transformed into an epoxidized prepolymer, which was then mixed with a bio-based monomer cured with a cleavable ammine. The latter reactant was based on Recyclamine™ by Connora Technologies, and in this paper, we demonstrate that this original approach could work with the synthetized epoxy prepolymers derived from the waste flour. The cured epoxies were fully characterized in terms of their thermal, rheological, and flexural properties. The results obtained showed optimal recyclability of the new resin developed.

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Chemical and mechanical reprocessed resins and bio-composites based on five epoxidized vegetable oils thermosets reinforced with flax fibers or PLA woven

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Reprocessable, Self-Adhesive, and Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using a Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Bio-Based Vitrimer Matrix

Reprocessable, Self-Adhesive, and Recyclable Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using a Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Bio-Based Vitrimer Matrix

Styrene-Free Bio-Based Thermosetting Resins with Tunable Properties Starting from Vegetable Oils and Terpenes

Fully Recyclable Bio-Based Epoxy Formulations Using Epoxidized Precursors from Waste Flour: Thermal and Mechanical Characterization

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