Chemical and isotopic characteristics of weathering and nitrogen release in non-glacial drainage waters on Arctic tundra

Tye, Andrew; Heaton, Timothy H.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.06.040

Cited by 33 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, previous meltwater organic carbon study reveals that DOC in the meltwater rivers ranged from 165-426 µM (Stibal et al, 2008;Tye and Heaton, 2007), while POC content in common meltwater rivers is about 0.5 % (Kuliñski et al, 2014). DOC concentration in our study (Table 1) is lower when compared to these values, but POC content is very comparable to previous values (i.e., 0.35 % vs. 0.5 %).…”

Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…DOC concentration was as much as 167 µM at the glacier terminus and remained elevated (73 µM) even as far as the NVE station (Table 1). Although we cannot assess monthly variability in DOC in this study, previous work in neighboring drainage basins suggests that DOC concentration in Svalbard glacial meltwater remains at high levels (250-426 µM in glaciated basins and 165-204 µM in nonglaciated basins) between mid-June and early September (Tye and Heaton, 2007). Such high concentrations of DOC in Svalbard glacier meltwater are an important reason for the higher discharge-weighted DOC flux when compared to the other two glaciers (Table 5).…”

Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 76%

“…Such high concentrations of DOC in Svalbard glacier meltwater are an important reason for the higher discharge-weighted DOC flux when compared to the other two glaciers (Table 5). And DOC flux would be even greater had we calculated via the previous monthly DOC concentration (Tye and Heaton, 2007). Compared with glaciers in the Gulf of Alaska, glaciers in Svalbard show 2.8 times higher in discharge-weighted DOC flux, whereas the area-weighted DOC flux was only 42 % of that in the Gulf of Alaska (Table 5).…”

Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 95%

“…To date, most studies of organic matter in Arctic glacial meltwater have focused on the Greenland Ice Sheet (e.g., Bhatia et al, 2013;Lawson et al, 2014), with little attention paid to smaller valley glaciers, such as those on Svalbard (Irvine-Fynn et al, 2012;Kuliñski et al, 2014;Tye and Heaton, 2007). However, a comparison of Alaskan glaciers (Hood et al, 2009) and the Greenland Ice Sheet (Bhatia et al, 2013) reveals that valley glaciers exhibit higher area-weighted fluxes of organic carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. In the face of ongoing global warming and glacier retreat, the composition and flux of organic matter in glacierfjord systems are key variables for updating the carbon cycle and budget, whereas the role of Arctic valley glaciers seems unimportant when compared with the huge Greenland Ice Sheet. Our field observations of the glacier-fed Bayelva River, Svalbard, and the adjacent Kongsfjorden allowed us to determine the compositions of particulate organic matter from glacier to fjord and also to estimate the flux of organic carbon, both for the river and for Svalbard in general.Particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Bayelva River averaged 56 and 73 µM, respectively, in August, 2012. Amino acids (AAs) and phytoplankton carbon accounted for ∼ 10 % of the bulk POC in the Bayelva River, while AAs represented > 90 % of particulate nitrogen (PN) in fjord surface water, suggesting the strong in situ assimilation of organic matter. Bacteria accounted for 13 and 19 % of the POC in the Bayelva River and the Kongsfjorden, respectively, while values for PN were much higher (i.e., 36 % in Kongsfjorden).The total discharge from the Bayelva River in 2012 was 29 × 10 6 m 3 . Furthermore, we calculated the annual POC, DOC, and PN fluxes for the river as 20 ± 1.6 tons, 25 ± 5.6 tons, and 4.7 ± 0.75 tons, respectively. Using the POC content and DOC concentration data, we then estimated the annual POC and DOC fluxes for Svalbard glaciers. Although the estimated POC (0.056 ± 0.02 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) and DOC (0.02 ± 0.01 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) fluxes of Svalbard glaciers are small in amount, its discharge-weighted flux of DOC was over twice higher than other pan-Arctic glacier systems, suggesting its important role as a terrestrial DOC source.

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Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Organic Matter Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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“…The highest concentrations of metals were found in the BSC, R. lanuginosum, S. uncinata, S. stramineum, and W. sarmentosa from types of tundra which, except for geophytic initial dry tundra, receive water from melting ice or snow. Spring runoff water alimenting these tundras contains elevated concentrations of metals, and soil-water interactions in tundra soils are a potential source of nutrients for surrounding ecosystems (Elberling et al 2007;Tye and Heaton 2007). Additionally, water from melting glaciers containing an additional portion of metals deposited from the air should be taken into account (Drbal et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in some dominant vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and the biological soil crust in various types of terrestrial tundra, SW Spitsbergen, Norway

Wojtuń¹,

Samecka-Cymerman²,

Kolon³

et al. 2013

Polar Biol

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Arctic environments are commonly considered to be relatively pristine because of minimal local human activity. However, these areas receive air pollution from lower latitude regions. Our goal was to determine concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in dominant species of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and in the biological soil crust (BSC), and topsoil (0-3 cm) from various types of tundra in the southwestern part of Spitsbergen, Norway. Results indicate that mosses are more efficient bioaccumulators of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn than lichens. The highest levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb were found in the BSC, and the moss species Racomitrium lanuginosum, Sanionia uncinata, and Straminergon stramineum from the polygonal tundra, initial cyanobacteria-moss wet tundra, snow bed cyanobacteria-moss tundra, and flow water moss tundra alimented by melting ice or snow. The observed higher concentrations of Cu and lower concentrations of Hg in mosses, lichens, and vascular plants compared with values observed 20 years earlier were apparently associated with changes in the atmospheric deposition of contaminants over Spitsbergen due to changes in the long-distance transport of anthropogenic emissions from industrialized areas. Prasiola crispa and Salix polaris may be useful bioindicators of Cd and Zn, and the BSC, R. lanuginosum, S. uncinata, and S. stramineum as bioindicators of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, and Pb. These results may be extrapolated across other areas of Spitsbergen with similar climates.

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Hydrology and pore water chemistry in a permafrost wetland, Ilulissat, Greenland

Jessen

Holmslykke

Rasmussen

et al. 2014

Water Resources Research

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Hydrological and geochemical processes controlling the pore water chemistry in a permafrost wetland, with loam overlain by sphagnum peat, were investigated. The vertical distributions of dissolved Cl, and of pore water d 18 O, appeared unrelated to ion freeze-out and isotope ice-water fractionation processes, respectively, dismissing solute freeze-out as a main control on the water chemistry. However, concentrations of major ions, others than Cl, generally increased with depth into the active layer. A conceptual model for water and solute movement in the active layer was derived. The model indicates upward diffusive transport of elements, released in the loam layer by mineral weathering, to the peat layer, in which lateral advective transport dominates. Active layer pore water and water of melted core sections of permafrost were of Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type (1:1:4 stoichiometry) and were subsaturated for calcite and dolomite. The results are consistent with an annual cycling of inorganic carbon species, Ca and Mg, via cryogenic carbonate precipitation during fall freeze-up and their redissolution following spring thaw. Similarly, elevated Fe 21 concentrations appear to be related to cryogenic siderite formation. Pore water in the active layer showed high partial pressures of CO 2 , indicating the feasibility of bubble ebullition as a greenhouse gas emission pathway from permafrost wetlands. Elevated concentrations of geogenic trace elements (Ni, Al, and As) were observed, and the controlling geochemical processes are discussed. The conceptual model for water and solute movement was applied to quantify the contribution of released trace elements to a downstream lake in the permafrost catchment.

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Chemical and isotopic characteristics of weathering and nitrogen release in non-glacial drainage waters on Arctic tundra

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Metals in some dominant vascular plants, mosses, lichens, algae, and the biological soil crust in various types of terrestrial tundra, SW Spitsbergen, Norway

Hydrology and pore water chemistry in a permafrost wetland, Ilulissat, Greenland

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