“…Nucleoside-5 -O-polyphosphates (Np X ) having more than the common one or two phosphoanhydride linkages have been the focus of studies for many years due to their important biological properties, potential as therapeutics, and biotechnological applications. Among such compounds are the nucleoside-5 -O-tetraphosphates (Np 4 ; Kore, Yang, Srinivasan, & Conrad, 2014). These have been shown to be selective agonists of the P2Y4 and P2X receptors and can act as probes for studying the substrate specificity of thymidylate transferase (Forget, Smithen, Jee, & Jakeman, 2015;Gómez-Villafuertes, Gualix, Miras-Portugal, & Pintor, 2000;Maruoka et al, 2011).…”