Chemical and enzymatic fractionation of cell walls from Fucales: insights into the structure of the extracellular matrix of brown algae

Abstract

The data provide a global snapshot of the cell wall architecture in brown algae, and contribute to the understanding of the structure-function relationships of the main cell wall components. Enzymatic cross-linking of alginates by phenols may regulate the strengthening of the wall, and sulfated polysaccharides may play a key role in the adaptation to osmotic stress. The emergence and evolution of ECM components is further discussed in relation to the evolution of multicellularity in brown algae.

Immunolocalization of cell wall carbohydrate epitopes in seaweeds: presence of land plant epitopes in Fucus vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae)

“…Nonetheless, F. vesiculosus fucoidans are reported to have only Fuc and sulfate groups, therefore the residues found in the KOH extract are not likely to be from fucoidans. Rather, we believe that they are part of the hemicelluloses, which have been hypothesized to exist in brown seaweeds, acting as intermediates between cellulose microfibrils and FCSPs (Deniaud-Bouët et al 2014). Analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the extracts (Table 1) confirms that the H 2 O and CaCl 2 extracts are mainly composed of alginates, with high percentages of uronic acids and low percentages of other non-cellulosic neutral sugars, such as Xyl, Man and Gal.…”

“…They have high commercial value derived from their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance, which is associated with their viscosifying properties (Cardozo et al 2007;Stengel et al 2011). Fucoidan is a heterogeneous family of fucosecontaining sulfated polysaccharides (FCSPs) that is thought to play a key role in wall architecture by cross-linking cellulose microfibrils (Deniaud-Bouët et al 2014). Increased research interest on FCSPs, triggered by their bioactive potential such as anticoagulant, antivirus, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antioxidant activities, has revealed an enormous structural complexity (Li et al 2008;Ale et al 2011;Usov and Bilan 2009).…”

Dynamics of cell wall assembly during early embryogenesis in the brown algaFucus

“…oomycetes) members. Through the course of evolution, this lineage gained new biosynthetic capabilities for cell wall components (Michel et al , 2010), allowing the evolution of cell walls/extracellular matrices that were certainly critical for the generation of complex multicellularity (Michel et al , 2010; Deniaud-Bouët et al , 2014). …”

Metal Removal by Seaweed Biomass

“…The relative abundance of M and G blocks in the macromolecular structure determines structural properties and ainity of alginates for divalent cations. The ainity of some divalent metal cations varies with M:G ratio [2,6,22]. Studies have shown that the ainity of the alginates for cations such as Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ca increases with a higher content of guluronic acid [23,24].…”

“…The biosorption capability of algae biomass is mostly related to their cell wall chemical composition, which exhibits a iber-like structure and an amorphous embedding matrix of polysaccharides such as alginates and fucoidan [6]. In brown algae, alginates have a high ainity for divalent cations and sulfated polysaccharides give account of the uptake of trivalent cations [7].…”